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Meaning of "alternating-gradient focusing" in the English dictionary

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PRONUNCIATION OF ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING

alternating-gradient focusing play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Alternating-Gradient focusing is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING MEAN IN ENGLISH?

alternating-gradient focusing

Strong focusing

In accelerator physics strong focusing or alternating-gradient focusing is the principle that the net effect on a particle beam of charged particles passing through alternating field gradients is to make the beam converge. By contrast "Weak focusing" is the principle that nearby circles, described by charged particles moving in a uniform magnetic field, only intersect once per revolution. Earnshaw's theorem shows that simultaneous focusing in two directions at once is impossible. However, ridged poles of a cyclotron or two or more spaced quadrupole magnets alternately focus horizontally and vertically. Strong focusing was first conceived by Nicholas Christofilos in 1949 but not published, In 1952, the strong focusing principle was independently developed by Ernest Courant, Milton S. Livingston, Hartland Snyder and J. Blewett at Brookhaven National Laboratory, who later acknowledged the priority of Christofilos' idea. The advantages of strong focusing were then quickly realised, and deployed on the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron.

Definition of alternating-gradient focusing in the English dictionary

The definition of alternating-gradient focusing in the dictionary is a method of focusing beams of charged particles in high-energy accelerators, in which a series of magnetic or electrostatic lenses alternately converge and diverge the beam, producing a net focusing effect and thus preventing the beam from spreading.

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING

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Alternative Investment Market
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alternativeness

WORDS THAT END LIKE ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING

accusing
advertising
amusing
arousing
bemusing
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cancer-causing
cohousing
confusing
council housing
data warehousing
government housing
housing
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public housing
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rousing
social housing
warehousing

Synonyms and antonyms of alternating-gradient focusing in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «alternating-gradient focusing» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING

Find out the translation of alternating-gradient focusing to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of alternating-gradient focusing from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «alternating-gradient focusing» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

交变梯度聚焦
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

centrándose alterna gradiente
570 millions of speakers

English

alternating-gradient focusing
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

बारी - ढाल ध्यान केंद्रित
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

بالتناوب - التدرج التركيز
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

знакопеременной фокусировки
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

alternada gradiente concentrando
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

বিকল্প-গ্রেডিয়েন্ট ফোকাসিং
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

gradient alternatif de focalisation
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Menumpukan-kecerunan menumpukan
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Wechsel Gradienten Fokus
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

交流勾配焦点
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

교류 그라데이션 초점
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Pandhu arah gantian
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

gradient xen kẽ tập trung
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

மாற்று-சாய்வு மையமாக
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

बारीक-बारीक केंद्रित करणे
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

Alternatif gradyan odaklama
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

alternata gradiente di messa a fuoco
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

Gradient przemiennego ogniskowania
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

знакозмінного фокусування
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

alternativ gradient de focalizare
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

εναλλασσόμενου κλίση εστίαση
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

wisselende - helling fokus
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

alternerande - gradient fokusering
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

alternerende - gradient fokus
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of alternating-gradient focusing

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING»

The term «alternating-gradient focusing» is used very little and occupies the 168.405 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Rarely used
21
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «alternating-gradient focusing» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of alternating-gradient focusing
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «alternating-gradient focusing».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «alternating-gradient focusing» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «alternating-gradient focusing» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about alternating-gradient focusing

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «ALTERNATING-GRADIENT FOCUSING»

Discover the use of alternating-gradient focusing in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to alternating-gradient focusing and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Focusing of Charged Particles
Use of alternating-gradient focusing accordingly would afford a means for reducing the radial excursions due to momentum errors to about 2% of the value found for this example of a constant-gradient accelerator, and this property of the  ...
Albert Septier, 2012
2
An Introduction to Particle Accelerators
Alternating-gradient focusing is so strong that the cyclotron's guide field can increase radially so that particles can remain in synchronism as they are accelerated into the relativistic regime. The defocusing due to the positive gradient is small in ...
Edmund Wilson, Edward J. N. Wilson, 2001
3
The Development of Colliders
I L. W. Jonxs.5 L. J. Laslett,|| and K. M. Terwilliger§ Midwestern Universities Research Association (Received June 6, 1956) It is possible, by using alternating -gradient focusing, to design circular accelerators with magnetic guide fields which ...
C. Pellegrini, Andrew Marienhoff Sessler, 1995
4
Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering
Courant and Snyder explained this with an optical analogy of alternating focusing by equal convex and concave lenses. This alternating gradient focusing was announced in [5], but the idea had actually been patented earlier [6]. Alternating ...
Alex Chao, M. Tigner, 1999
5
The Principles of Circular Accelerators and Storage Rings
CHAPTER 3 Alternating-gradient focusing Machine designers now think almost exclusively in terms of alternating-gradient focusing, or strong focusing as it is also known. Their conversion from weak to strong focusing was rapid and decisive ...
Philip J. Bryant, Kjell Johnsen, 2005
6
Methods in Physical Chemistry
1.3.2 Alternating-Gradient Focusing A schematic of the experimental setup for AG focusing of molecules is shown in Figure 1.6. The molecules to be investigated are again seeded in an inert carrier gas and injected through a pulsed valve into  ...
Rolf Sch?fer, Peter C. Schmidt, 2012
7
Alternating Gradient Focusing of the 20-inch Cyclotron ...
"The 3/4 Mev external proton beam from the 20-inch cyclotron appeared to diverge from an astigmatic source.
Edward L. Hubbard, Elmer L. Kelly, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1953
8
Nuclear Physics
The general principle of alternating-gradient focusing follows from the fact that an alternation of focusing and defocusing lenses (electromagnetic or optical) of equal focal length is a focusing combination independent of which lens comes first.
Luke C. L. Yuan, Marton, Kati, C. S. Wu, 1963
9
Nuclear and Radiochemistry
To understand qualitatively how this so-called alternating-gradient focusing or strong focusing works we recall that, for a given angular deviation from the orbit, the vertical oscillation amplitude is proportional to n "2, the radial amplitude ...
G. Friedlander, 1981
10
Free Electron Lasers 2000
USA Abstract We solve the eigenvalue problem for a high gain free-electron laser in the "water-bag" model including alternating- gradient focusing by a variational- solution-based (VSB) expansion method. Such VSB expansion method is very ...
V. N. Litvinenko, Y. K. Wu, 2005

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Alternating-Gradient focusing [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/alternating-gradient-focusing>. Apr 2024 ».
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