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Meaning of "charmonium" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD CHARMONIUM

From charm.
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Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.
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PRONUNCIATION OF CHARMONIUM

charmonium  [tʃɑːˈməʊnɪəm] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF CHARMONIUM

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Charmonium is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES CHARMONIUM MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Quarkonium

In particle physics, quarkonium designates a flavorless meson whose constituents are a quark and its own antiquark. Examples of quarkonia are the J/ψ meson and the ϒ meson. Because of the high mass of the top quark, toponium does not exist, since the top quark decays through the electroweak interaction before a bound state can form. Usually quarkonium refers only to charmonium and bottomonium, and not to any of the lighter quark–antiquark states. This usage is because the lighter quarks are much less massive than the heavier quarks, and so the physical states actually seen in experiments are quantum mechanical mixtures of the light quark states. The much larger mass differences between the charm and bottom quarks and the lighter quarks results in states that are well defined in terms of a quark–antiquark pair of a given flavor.

Definition of charmonium in the English dictionary

The definition of charmonium in the dictionary is an elementary particle that contains an antiquark and a charm quark.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH CHARMONIUM


ammonium
əˈməʊnɪəm
Andymonium
ˌændɪˈməʊnɪəm
conium
ˈkəʊnɪəm
cuprammonium
ˌkjuːprəˈməʊnɪəm
diazonium
ˌdaɪəˈzəʊnɪəm
erythronium
ˌɛrɪˈθrəʊnɪəm
euphonium
juːˈfəʊnɪəm
harmonium
hɑːˈməʊnɪəm
Iconium
aɪˈkəʊnɪəm
meconium
mɪˈkəʊnɪəm
pandaemonium
ˌpændaɪˈməʊnɪəm
pandemonium
ˌpændɪˈməʊnɪəm
pelargonium
ˌpɛləˈɡəʊnɪəm
phosphonium
fɒsˈfəʊnɪəm
plutonium
pluːˈtəʊnɪəm
polemonium
ˌpɒlɪˈməʊnɪəm
polonium
pəˈləʊnɪəm
Ponzimonium
ˌpɒnzɪˈməʊnɪəm
stramonium
strəˈməʊnɪəm
zirconium
zɜːˈkəʊnɪəm

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE CHARMONIUM

charm
charm bracelet
charm offensive
charm school
charmed
charmed circle
charmer
Charmeuse
charmful
Charminar
charming
charmingly
charmless
charmlessly
charmonia
charneco
charnel
charnel house

WORDS THAT END LIKE CHARMONIUM

aluminium
archegonium
ascogonium
carpogonium
coronium
decamethonium
hexamethonium
hormogonium
hydroxonium
ionium
muonium
oogonium
opsonium
purdonium
spermagonium
spermatogonium
spermogonium
sporogonium
sulphonium
syconium
zonal pelargonium

Synonyms and antonyms of charmonium in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «charmonium» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF CHARMONIUM

Find out the translation of charmonium to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of charmonium from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «charmonium» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

粲夸克偶素
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

charmonium
570 millions of speakers

English

charmonium
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

charmonium
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

charmonium
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

чармоний
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

charmonium
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

charmonium
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

charmonium
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Charmonium
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Charmonium
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

チャーモニウム
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

charmonium
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Charmonium
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

charmonium
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

charmonium
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

मोरमोनीयम
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

charmonium
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

charmonio
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

charmonium
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

Чармон
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

charmonium
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

charmonium
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

charmonium
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

charmonium
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

charmonium
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of charmonium

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «CHARMONIUM»

The term «charmonium» is normally little used and occupies the 128.394 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
40
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «charmonium» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of charmonium
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «charmonium».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «CHARMONIUM» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «charmonium» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «charmonium» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about charmonium

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «CHARMONIUM»

Discover the use of charmonium in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to charmonium and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
The Analysis of Exclusive Decay of the B-meson to the ...
In this dissertation the matrix element (ME) for the weak decay of the B-meson into J/psi-particle and a kaon K is analysed from the first principles using the method of effective field theory based on exploiting the decay kinematics.
Mikhail A. Savrov, 2006
2
BCP4: International Workshop on B Physics & CP Violation : ...
We have measured the branching fractions for the various inclusive and exclusive B decays to charmonium modes. We also present the results on non- SB charmonium production at T(4S). Table 1: The yields and branching fractions for the ...
Takayoshi Ohshima, A. Ichiro Sanda, 2001
3
Third Workshop on the Tau-Charm Factory: Marbella, Spain, ...
CHARMONIUM. PHYSICS. AT. A. TAU-CHARM. FACTORY. T.Barnes Physics Division and Center for Computationally Intensive Physics Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6373, USA and Department of Physics and ...
Jasper Kirkby, Rita Kirkby, 1994
4
Fisica Adronica:
Initial-state radiation. Another mechanism for the production of charmonium states in e+e~ collisions is initial-state radiation, or ISR. In this process either the electron or the positron radiates a photon before the annihilation, thereby lowering ...
Tullio Bressani, Ulrich Wiedner, Alessandra Filippi, 2005
5
CBT Workshop
PRECISION SPECTROSCOPY OF CHARMONIUM* Latest Results and Future Prospects Kamal K. Seth Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA 1. INTRODUCTION It all began with charmonium. It is no exaggeration to say that ...
F. Caruso, 1995
6
Topics in Hadron Spectroscopy
This holds out the possibility that the 3Dj and 1D2 could be narrow and would decay to lower lying charmonium states. Allowed decays include 3JJ2 -» J/ijjirn, 3D2 -*3 Pi,i1, and lDi -+1 Pif. The first of these decay modes would appear to be the ...
David C. Peaslee, 1995
7
Observation of Exclusive Charmonium Production and ...
We observed exclusive mu+mu- production, with 3 M(mu+mu-)
Long Zhang, 2008
8
The Particle Hunters
The physicists Thomas W. Appelquist and David Politzer of Harvard had predicted the existence of such a particle prior to its discovery and called it charmonium. They even predicted that it could be formed in electron - positron annihilation.
Yuval Ne'eman, Ne'eman Yuval, 1996
9
On confinement physics
The above formula is appropriate to charmonium production which is incoherent from the nucleus, yet coherent from the nucleon, so that the transverse momentum component of the produced charmonium must be nonzero, yet less than the ...
Steven D. Bass, P. A. M. Guichon, 1996
10
Heavy Quark Physics
Charmonium Production in 920 GeV Proton-Nucleus Interactions Roman Mizuk for the HERA-B Collaboration Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117259 Moscow, Russia* Abstract. Using data collected by the HERA-B ...
David Blaschke, Mikhal A. Ivanov, Thomas Mannel, 2004

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «CHARMONIUM»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term charmonium is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Fifty Years of Quarks... More Particles to Discover!
The first particles predicted and then discovered in these patterns were the J/Psi "charmonium" meson (C, anti-C) in 1974, and the Upsilon ... «Huffington Post, Dec 14»
2
The November Revolution
Appelquist had been working with his colleague David Politzer to describe new particles they called “charmonium,” bound states of a new type ... «Symmetry magazine, Nov 14»
3
Questions and answers with Chris Quigg
And I'm delighted by the unexpected, such as the spate of charmonium-like resonances [not simple charm–anticharm mesons], beginning with ... «Physics Today, Jul 14»
4
Quirky quark combination creates exotic new particle
This has a mass that places it in a dense forest of charmonium states – particles that are made up of a charm quark and a charm antiquark. «Phys.Org, Apr 14»
5
New Particle Points to Elusive Four-Quark Matter
... charm-flavored quark and its antiquark bound together similarly to the long-known charmonium states. The particle is different in that it carries ... «Sci-News.com, Nov 13»
6
New charged charmonium-like states observed at BESIII
(IHEP, Beijing) Since the discovery of the electrically-charged Zc(3900), a possible four-quark object, the Beijing-based BESIII Collaboration ... «Interactions.org, Nov 13»
7
'Charged charmonium' confounds particle physicists
Dubbed Zc(3900), the particle seems to be a "charged charmonium" and is made from quarks assembled in a way that has possibly never been ... «physicsworld.com, Jun 13»
8
BESIII collaboration catches new particle
Other particles with similar characteristics—called “charmonium”—are composed of a charm quark and an anti-charm quark held together by ... «Symmetry magazine, Mar 13»
9
New Temperature Probe for Quark-Gluon Plasma
So far, researchers have studied two quarkonium “families” in heavy-ion collisions: charmonium, bound states of a charm and anticharm quark, ... «Physics, Nov 12»
10
This Kid Painted His Room To Look Like The Inside Of A Beetle
This whole room is slathered in weaponized Charmonium, and irradiated with the most potent Charmonic ions. I pointed my Sharper Image ... «Jalopnik, Nov 12»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Charmonium [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/charmonium>. Apr 2024 ».
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