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Meaning of "murein" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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PRONUNCIATION OF MUREIN

murein  [ˈmjʊəriːn] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF MUREIN

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Murein is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES MUREIN MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of all bacteria , forming the cell wall. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β- linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid. Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the 3D mesh-like layer. Some Archaea have a similar layer of pseudopeptidoglycan or pseudomurein, where the sugar residues are β- linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid. That is why the cell wall of Archaea is insensitive to lysozyme. Peptidoglycan serves a structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. A common misconception is that peptidoglycan gives the cell its shape; however, whereas peptidoglycan helps maintain the structural strength of the cell, it is actually the MreB protein that facilitates cell shape.

Definition of murein in the English dictionary

The definition of murein in the dictionary is any of several polymers containing sugars and amino acids which help to make up the cell walls of certain bacteria, also known as peptidoglycan.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH MUREIN


bebeerine
bəˈbɪəriːn
benzoapyrene
ˌbɛnzəʊeɪˈpaɪəriːn
chondrophorine
kɒnˈdrɒfəriːn
cycloserine
ˌsaɪkləʊˈsɪəriːn
daturine
dəˈtjʊəriːn
dourine
ˈdʊəriːn
eserine
ˈɛsəriːn
evergreen
ˈɛvəˌɡriːn
fluorene
ˈflʊəriːn
fluorine
ˈflʊəriːn
green
ɡriːn
Greene
ɡriːn
marine
məˈriːn
mercaptopurine
məˌkæptəʊˈpjʊəriːn
neurine
ˈnjʊəriːn
phosphatidylserine
ˌfɒsfətɪdaɪlˈsɪəriːn
purine
ˈpjʊəriːn
screen
skriːn
victorine
ˈvɪktəriːn
widescreen
ˈwaɪdˌskriːn

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE MUREIN

murder weapon
murderabilia
murderball
murderee
murderer
murderess
murderous
murderously
murderousness
Murdoch
mure
murex
murgeon
muriate
muriatic acid
muricate
muricated
murices
murid
muriform

WORDS THAT END LIKE MUREIN

Bahrein
bearing rein
checkrein
give free rein
grein
herein
kallikrein
leading rein
on a long rein
rein
serein
therein
Turnverein
unrein
wherein
Zollverein

Synonyms and antonyms of murein in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «murein» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF MUREIN

Find out the translation of murein to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of murein from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «murein» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

胞壁质
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

murein
570 millions of speakers

English

murein
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

murein
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

murein
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

муреин
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

murein
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

murein
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

muréine
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Murein
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Murein
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

ムレイン
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

murein
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Murein
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

murein
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

murein
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

मुरीयन
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

murein
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

murein
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

murein
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

муреин
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

murein
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

murein
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

murein
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

murein
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

murein
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of murein

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «MUREIN»

The term «murein» is normally little used and occupies the 126.669 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
41
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «murein» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of murein
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «murein».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «MUREIN» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «murein» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «murein» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about murein

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «MUREIN»

Discover the use of murein in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to murein and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of ...
A Murein monomer synthesis (cytoplasmic phase) B Completion of murein monomer synthesis, and murein monomer export, polymerization, and crosslinking O L-Ala, ATP D-Glu, ATP L-Lys, ATP O HO HOOOAcHN O O O OH OH NHN O O OH ...
David E. Golan, Armen H. Tashjian, Ehrin J. Armstrong, 2011
2
Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds: Structure and Biochemistry
Structural and compositional elucidation of murein requires the isolation and defined fragmentation of the macromolecule to yield muropeptides or linear, uncrosslinked peptidoglycan chains, which can be separated and identified (see Sect.
Helmut König, Harald Claus, Ajit Varma, 2010
3
Bacterial Growth and Lysis: Metabolism and Structure of the ...
Preparation of Murein Isolation of murein was essentially as described by Glauner (1988), including a- amylase and pronase digestion For some experiments the cells of T. versutus were broken in French press prior to boiling in SDS.
M.A. de Pedro, J.V. Höltje, Wolfgang Löffelhardt, 1993
4
Schaechter's Mechanisms of Microbial Disease
4. Counterstain with safranin: Gram-negatives become pink; Gram-positives remain purple. are cross-linked to one another via peptides. The overall structure of murein is similar in all cases, but some variation in chemical details occurs (Fig .
‎2012
5
Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology
A second very relevant set of murein peptidases is composed by the N- acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidases. These enzymes cleave the amide bond between the lactyl group in MurNAc and the first amino acid (L-Ala) in the stem peptide.
Moselio Schaechter, 2010
6
Methods in Microbiology
5 Analysis of the Chemical Composition and Primary Structure of Murein KARL I- IEINZ SCHLEIFER Technische Universitat Mlinchen, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 123 II. Description of analytical methods .
‎1985
7
Principles of Modern Microbiology
Murein consists of a single giant molecule, a single layer thick in the gram- negative bacteria, many layers thick in the gram-positive bacteria Because the peptides of murein project from the polysaccharide backbone in alternating directions, ...
Mark Wheelis, 2011
8
PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
L5 (Figure 7.1) represents the thin murein layer separated from the outer membrane by an electron transparent space [18]. The murein layer itself may constitute a barrier to the entry of certain agents into the cell. Murein-deficient bacterial ...
Gwynn Pennant Ellis, Geoffrey Buckle West, 1975
9
Bacterial Cell Wall
The influence of the composition of pre-existing murein on septation can be considered under two aspects: the chemical composition of murein and the relative proportions of muropeptides (see Chapter 2). Changes in the chemical ...
J.-M. Ghuysen, R. Hakenbeck, 1994
10
Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes
DATABANKS. MEROPS name: murein-DD-endopeptidase MEROPS classification: clan SE, family S11, peptidase S11.002 Species distribution: superkingdoms Eukaryota, Bacteria Reference sequence from: Escherichia coli ( UniProt: P0AFI5) ...
Alan J. Barrett, Neil D. Rawlings, J. Fred Woessner, 2012

5 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «MUREIN»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term murein is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Neues Antibiotikum: Die dunkle Materie schlägt zurück
... unterbindet es die Peptidoglykan- oder auch Murein-Synthese; durch Hemmung von Lipid III verhindert es die Teichonsäure-Synthese. «Pharmazeutische Zeitung online, Jan 15»
2
Origin of the Eukaryotic cell: Part I - How to train your endosymbiont
The defining feature of clade neomura, he suggests, is the loss of the murein wall in certain posibacteria—his world for a refined class of ... «Phys.Org, Dec 14»
3
Magnetizing diagnostics: Magnetic Gram staining detects bacteria
In this technique, bacterial cultures are colored by a stain known as crystal violet, which enters into the murein layer of the bacterial cell walls. «Phys.Org, Jul 12»
4
The Lost Eukaryote: an introduction to cellular evolution
Somehow in the interim, between FECA and LECA, our lineage lost many of its bacterial features (such as a murein wall -- think Gram staining) ... «Scientific American, Nov 11»
5
How to: archive and back up photos
benzalaniline slumberless totalitarians brothering prorebate murein jadding [url=http://www.littlefitness.com]uggs on clearance[/url] internal ... «What Digital Camera, Sep 10»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Murein [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/murein>. Apr 2024 ».
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