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Meaning of "patulin" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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PRONUNCIATION OF PATULIN

patulin  [ˈpætjʊˌlɪn] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF PATULIN

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Patulin is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES PATULIN MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Patulin

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, in particular, Aspergillus and Penicillium and Byssochlamys. Most commonly found in rotting apples, in general the amount of patulin in apple products is viewed as a measure of the quality of the apples used in production. In addition, patulin has been found in other foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables. While not considered a particularly potent toxin, a number of studies have shown patulin to be genotoxic, which has led to some to theorize that it may be a carcinogen, although animal studies have remained inconclusive. Patulin has shown antimicrobial properties against some microorganisms. Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in apple juice. In the European Union, the limit is set to 50 micrograms per kilogram in both apple juice and cider, and to half of that concentration, 25 µg/kg, in solid apple products and 10 µg/kg in products for infants and young children. These limits came into force on 1 November 2003.

Definition of patulin in the English dictionary

The definition of patulin in the dictionary is a toxic antibiotic with carcinogenic properties, produced by some moulds.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH PATULIN


berlin
bəˈlɪn
Brooklyn
ˈbrʊklɪn
colin
ˌkɒlɪn
discipline
ˈdɪsɪplɪn
Dublin
ˈdʌblɪn
Evelyn
ˈiːvlɪn
franklin
ˈfræŋklɪn
Helen
ˈhɛlɪn
lin
lɪn
linn
lɪn
Lynn
lɪn
madeleine
ˈmædəlɪn
merlin
ˈmɜːlɪn
parvolin
ˈpɑːvəˌlɪn
porcelain
ˈpɔːslɪn
resilin
ˈrɛzəˌlɪn
santalin
ˈsæntəˌlɪn
sassolin
ˈsæsəˌlɪn
Tallinn
ˈtælɪn
trampolin
ˈtræmpəˌlɪn

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE PATULIN

patterned
patterning
patternless
Patti
patties
patting
Patton
patty
patty pan
patty shell
pattypan
pattypan squash
patu
patulent
patulous
patulously
patulousness
patutuki
paty
patzer

WORDS THAT END LIKE PATULIN

antiglobulin
botulin
calmodulin
gamma globulin
globulin
immunoglobulin
insulin
inulin
lactoglobulin
levulin
lupulin
macroglobulin
moulin
paulin
proinsulin
serum globulin
tarpaulin
thyroglobulin
tuberculin
tubulin

Synonyms and antonyms of patulin in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «patulin» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF PATULIN

Find out the translation of patulin to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of patulin from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «patulin» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

感冒药
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

patulina
570 millions of speakers

English

patulin
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

patulin
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

الباتيولين
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

патулин
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

patulina
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

patulin
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

patuline
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Patulin
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Patulin
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

パツリン
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

파 툴린
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Patulin
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

patulin
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

patulin
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

पॅटुलिन
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

patulin
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

patulina
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

Patulina
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

патулін
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

patulina
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

πατουλίνη
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

patuline
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

patulin
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

patulin
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of patulin

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «PATULIN»

The term «patulin» is normally little used and occupies the 127.493 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
41
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «patulin» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of patulin
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «patulin».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «PATULIN» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «patulin» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «patulin» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about patulin

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «PATULIN»

Discover the use of patulin in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to patulin and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
International Handbook of Foodborne Pathogens
The reaction of patulin with sulfur-containing compounds in foods, such as grains , meat, and cheese, may account for the lack of high patulin levels in those foods (113). The occurrence of patulin in apple juice/products can be greatly reduced ...
Marianne D. Miliotis, Jeffrey W. Bier, 2003
2
Fungi and Food Spoilage
rotting fruit in juice or cider manufacture can result in high concentrations of patulin in juice (Brackett and Marth, 1979; Watkins et al., 1990). Levels of patulin ranging from 538 to 1822 mg/ml were detected in apple cider stored at 258C and up ...
John I. Pitt, Ailsa D. Hocking, 2009
3
Microbiology of Fruits and Vegetables
The mere presence of P. expansion does not necessarily imply that patulin will be present since mycotoxin production is influenced by many factors including environmental conditions, cultivar and nutritional status of the fruit, the microbial ...
Gerald M. Sapers, James R. Gorny, Ahmed E. Yousef, 2005
4
Food Safety: A Practical and Case Study Approach
HACCP procedures for reducing patulin in apple juice HACCP steps Step 1: Growing in the orchard – GAP. Growth of the mould P. expansum, and subsequent patulin contamination, can occur pre-harvest, where it is associated with damaged ...
Richard J. Marshall, 2006
5
Handbook of Food Toxicology
increased mechanization of apple harvesting has increased the possibility of including unsound apples in processing. The results of a limited survey of cider mills revealed that patulin contamination depended on the proportion of decayed  ...
S.S. Deshpande, 2002
6
ADVANCES IN FOOD RESEARCH
Thirteen commercially processed fruit juices and nectars free of added microbial preservatives were then tested as substrates for growth and production of patulin by one strain of B. fulva. The organism produced patulin in greatest amounts on ...
C. O. Chichester, George Franklin Stewart, 1979
7
The Food Safety Hazard Guidebook
Patulin is a toxic fungal metabolite (mycotoxin) produced by certain moulds of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys growing on certain food commodities, especially fruit. Patulin exhibits a number of toxic effects in animals and ...
Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis, 2012
8
Mycotoxins in Food: Detection and Control
used) (Paucod et ai, 1990). Patulin at concentrations from 0.25-1 lag/ml decreased the chemotactic index of dog neutrophilic granulocytes and stimulated opsonized zymosan. At the same concentrations, patulin favoured the migration of the ...
Naresh Magan, Monica Olsen, 2004
9
Mycotoxins and Food Safety: [proceedings of the American ...
HPLC quantitates patulin, but does not confirm it. Brause (unpublished data) developed a GC procedure that would supply complementary GC information in the event of a patulin LC response. Patulin eluted in ca 17 min from a 30 m x 0.25  ...
Jonathan W. De Vries, Mary W. Trucksess, Lauren S. Jackson, 2002
10
The Chemistry of Fungi
Patulin (4.9) was isolated from Penicillium patulum in 1943. Since it had a quite marked anti-bacterial activity it was detected and then isolated from several other Penicillium and Aspergillus species during the early 1940s. It is a particular ...
James Ralph Hanson, 2008

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «PATULIN»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term patulin is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Poison in our kitchen: How deadly chemicals have invaded India's …
It may have fungi patulin. How a few glass of ice-chilly milk? Brace for a jolt of deadly chemicals: antibiotic gentamicin, pumped indiscriminately ... «Bharat Press, Jun 15»
2
- Can You Buy Injectable Lidocaine
07202012 Recall Notice focus group is to product found that the level of patulin in are brown while silicone Science and Technology. sect ... «High Country Press, Jun 15»
3
Are mycotoxins killing us slowly?
Patulin is also a secondary metabolite of several genera of fungi, including Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys spp. It is soluble in water ... «Food Science & Technology, Jun 15»
4
The Impact of Mycotoxins on Food Safety
These include the aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1), ochratoxin A, patulin and toxins produced by fusarium molds, including fumonisins (B1, ... «SelectScience.net, Apr 15»
5
The poisons and heavy metals in our food – part I
There are the classic poisons like arsenic and cyanide, as well as heavy metals, aflatoxins and mycotoxins such as patulin, which are produced ... «Health24, Nov 14»
6
Detecting mycotoxins in situ
Over 350 mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, ergot alkaloids, fusarium toxins, patulin and alternaria toxins, originating from over 250 ... «Foodprocessing, Nov 14»
7
Dr Oz and Phthalates
... aspergillus fungi can contaminate apple juice with their toxic metabolite patulin, wine may harbour residues of isinglass, a fish protein used to ... «CJAD, Nov 14»
8
Is it safe to eat mouldy food?
... been serious outbreaks in the past, incidents of people being poisoned by drinking bad apple juice, which contains a toxin called patulin.”. «Yahoo Canada Shine On, Oct 14»
9
How safe is mouldy food to eat?
... been serious outbreaks in the past, incidents of people being poisoned by drinking bad apple juice, which contains a toxin called patulin.". «BBC News, Oct 14»
10
FDA Warning Letters: Pesticides, Mycotoxins, Adulterated Dietary …
Samples of apple cider manufactured at Iowa Orchard in Urbandale, IA, tested positive for patulin, a mycotoxin that is produced by certain ... «Food Safety News, Apr 14»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Patulin [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/patulin>. Apr 2024 ».
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