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Meaning of "proband" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD PROBAND

From Latin probandus, gerundive of probāre to test.
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Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.
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PRONUNCIATION OF PROBAND

proband  [ˈprəʊbænd] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF PROBAND

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Proband is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES PROBAND MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Proband

Proband, proposito, or proposita is a term used most often in medical genetics and other medical fields to denote a particular subject being studied or reported on. On pedigrees, the proband is noted with an arrow and the box or circle shaded accordingly. It is important to denote the proband, so that the relationship to other individuals can be seen and patterns established. In most cases, the proband is the first affected family member who seeks medical attention for a genetic disorder. Among the ancestors of the proband, there may be other subjects with the manifest disease, but the proband typically refers to the member seeking medical attention or being studied, even if affected ancestors are known. Often affected ancestors are unknown due to the lack of information regarding those individuals or about the disease at the time they lived. Other ancestors might be undiagnosed due to the incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity. The diagnosis of a proband raises the index of suspicion for the proband's relatives and some of them may be diagnosed with the same disease.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH PROBAND


aband
əˈbænd
armband
ˈɑːmˌbænd
band
bænd
baseband
ˈbeɪsˌbænd
blackband
ˈblækˌbænd
broadband
ˈbrɔːdˌbænd
contraband
ˈkɒntrəˌbænd
disband
dɪsˈbænd
hairband
ˈheəbænd
headband
ˈhɛdˌbænd
Miliband
ˈmɪləbænd
sarabande
ˈsærəˌbænd
waistband
ˈweɪstˌbænd
wideband
ˈwaɪdˌbænd
wristband
ˈrɪstˌbænd

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE PROBAND

probabilistically
probabilities
probability
probability density function
probability function
probability theory
probable
probable cause
probably
proball
probang
probate
probate court
probation
probation officer
probation order
probation service
probational
probationally
probationary

WORDS THAT END LIKE PROBAND

big band
blues band
boy band
brass band
common-law husband
conduction band
dual-band
energy band
ex-husband
frequency band
husband
jazz band
marching band
quad-band
riband
roband
rock band
rubber band
tribute band
wedding band

Synonyms and antonyms of proband in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «proband» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF PROBAND

Find out the translation of proband to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of proband from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «proband» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

先证者
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

probando
570 millions of speakers

English

proband
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

proband
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

المستلفت
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

пробанд
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

proband
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

proband
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

probant
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Proband
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Probanden
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

発端者
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

proband
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Proband
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

proband
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

proband
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

संभाव्य
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

proband
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

probando
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

uczestnik badania
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

пробанд
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

proband
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

proband
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

proband
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

proband-
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

proband
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of proband

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «PROBAND»

The term «proband» is normally little used and occupies the 112.766 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
47
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «proband» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of proband
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «proband».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «PROBAND» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «proband» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «proband» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about proband

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «PROBAND»

Discover the use of proband in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to proband and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer
Table. 1. DEFINITION. OF. SEVEN. VARIABLES. TO. ALLOW. FOR SEX- SPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS (SPOUSE AND FIRST DEGREE) TO PROBAND Relationship to proband Father Mother Son Daughter Brother Sister Male spouse Female ...
Henry T. Lynch, Takeshi Hirayama, 1989
2
Neurocutaneous Disorders: Phakomatoses & Hamartoneoplastic ...
(Continued) Gene Mutation Gastointestinal NF1 features Hematologic malignancies (age of onset) CNS tumors (age of onset) Reference tumors (age of onset) PMS2 1221delG/ 2361delCTTC Proband:CRC (18) Proband: De Rosa etal.(2000) ...
Martino Ruggieri, Ignacio Pascual Castroviejo, Concezio Di Rocco, 2009
3
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues, Updated Edition
Using the pedigree provided, answer the following questions. a. Is the proband male or female? b. Is the grandfather of the proband affected? c. How many siblings does the proband have and where is he or she in the birth order? 4.
Michael Cummings, 2006
4
Textbook of Movement Disorders
Mode of inheritance Hyperekplexia is inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. Note: In simplex cases (i.e. a single occurrence in a family), mode of inheritance is determined by testing the parents of a proband.
Ashok Kumar, 2014
5
Patient-based Approaches to Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors Sampfestze Proband diagnosis Other diagnoses counted for plus family history Presence of positive family history in probands and controls Frequency of impairment in relatives of probands and controts Ingram (1959) 75 probands ...
Todd E. Feinberg, Martha J. Farah, 2000
6
The Clinical Phenotype of an Extended Pedigree with ...
The proband was identified and referred to as Proband throughout this research. Proband presented as the original family member in the collection of DNA samples for the DNA Bank. Pedigree information on seven generations was available.
Eleanor M. Fennell, 2009
7
Leading Topics in Cancer Research
Figure 1 shows how a proband and his or her family history is simulated. The proband's age and gender, and the number of his or her siblings is determined. Each sibling's age is calculated based on the proband's. (Twins are not allowed,  ...
Lee P. Jeffries, 2007
8
Biostatistical Genetics and Genetic Epidemiology
In the third section we consider some alternative models, along with their criticisms of the proband concept. The fourth section considers some other methods of dealing with ascertainment, other than incorporating the ascertainment model into ...
Robert C. Elston, Jane M. Olson, Lyle Palmer, 2002
9
Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders, Three-Volume Set
5) Finger chase Rated separately for each side Proband sits comfortably. If necessary, support offeet and trunk is allowed. Examiner sits in front of proband and performs 5 consecutive sudden and fast pointing movements in unpredictable ...
‎2010
10
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies: Clinical, Experimental ...
Table 1. Subgroups of 1 15 JME families*: based on affected/less ofproband and affected family members No. of enrolled Description of subphenotypes families ( typed) I Proband and affected family members have JME: MS + TC + absences, ...
Alain Malafosse, 1994

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «PROBAND»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term proband is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Genetic contribution to multiple sclerosis risk among Ashkenazi Jews
For each trio, the value of PC1 for the proband was approximately the mean of the value of PC1 for the parents. Higher values of PC1 were ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jul 15»
2
Exome sequencing identifies recessive CDK5RAP2 variants in …
Minimal target coverage of 6 × , at least 3 reads per variant and a frequency of 15% were required for a proband variant to be called. «Nature.com, Jul 15»
3
Spectrum and frequencies of BRCA1/2 mutations in Bulgarian high …
Another recurrent mutation according to BIC database [10], c.7910_7914delCCTTT, located in BRCA2exon 17, was identified in a proband ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jul 15»
4
Haploinsufficiency and triploinsensitivity of the same 6p25.1p24.3 …
The deletion is 5.6Â Mb in size and was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in a 26-month-old female proband who ... «7thSpace Interactive, Jul 15»
5
Short stature and primary ovarian insufficiency possibly due to …
... immunofluorescence assays, may be the cause of a functional Xq partial monosomy leading to most Turner traits of the proband's phenotype. «7thSpace Interactive, Jul 15»
6
Prenatal diagnosis using genetic sequencing and identification of a …
... mutations as the proband, one did not have MMACHC mutation, and the third fetus had a mutation at a heterozygous level of MMACHC gene ... «7thSpace Interactive, Jul 15»
7
Identification of the first large deletion in the CLDN16 gene in a …
The proband, born from consanguineous parents, presented the first symptoms at age 20. Clinical examination revealed hypocalcemia, ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jul 15»
8
Novel mutations in PAX6, OTX2 and NDP in anophthalmia …
Patient 1 (proband) is indicated with an arrow; genotype of each individual is listed below the corresponding symbol. (b) DNA chromatograms ... «Nature.com, Jul 15»
9
Navigators have a key role in using genetics and genomics for …
The pedigree should include the proband (your patient), his or her first-degree relatives (children, siblings, parents), second-degree relatives ... «Oncology Nurse Advisor, Jun 15»
10
Multivariate genetic determinants of EEG oscillations in …
Increased theta activity was localized to the central and posterior regions in both proband groups with more severity in SZ compared with PBP. «Nature.com, Jun 15»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Proband [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/proband>. Apr 2024 ».
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