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Meaning of "protonemal" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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PRONUNCIATION OF PROTONEMAL

protonemal  [ˌprəʊtəˈniːməl] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF PROTONEMAL

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Protonemal is an adjective.
The adjective is the word that accompanies the noun to determine or qualify it.

WHAT DOES PROTONEMAL MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Definition of protonemal in the English dictionary

The definition of protonemal in the dictionary is of or relating to a protonema.


WORDS THAT RHYME WITH PROTONEMAL


abnormal
æbˈnɔːməl
axonemal
ˌæksəˈniːməl
blastemal
blæˈstiːməl
Carmel
ˈkɑːməl
chromonemal
ˌkrəʊməˈniːməl
dermal
ˈdɜːməl
erythemal
ˌɛrɪˈθiːməl
extremal
ɪkˈstriːməl
femal
ˈfiːməl
formal
ˈfɔːməl
geothermal
ˌdʒiːəʊˈθɜːməl
haemal
ˈhiːməl
hemal
ˈhiːməl
informal
ɪnˈfɔːməl
isothermal
ˌaɪsəʊˈθɜːməl
lemel
ˈliːməl
normal
ˈnɔːməl
paranormal
ˌpærəˈnɔːməl
thermal
ˈθɜːməl
treponemal
ˌtrɛpəˈniːməl

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE PROTONEMAL

protolithic
protomartyr
protomorphic
proton
proton microscope
proton number
proton-pump inhibitor
protonate
protonation
protonema
protonemata
protonematal
protonic
protonotarial
protonotariat
protonotaries
protonotary
protopathic
protopathy
protophilic

WORDS THAT END LIKE PROTONEMAL

animal
autosomal
chromosomal
decimal
dismal
epidermal
hexadecimal
hiemal
mammal
maximal
minimal
Mustafa Kemal
optimal
primal
proximal
ramal
ribosomal
stromal
stuffed animal
suboptimal

Synonyms and antonyms of protonemal in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «protonemal» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF PROTONEMAL

Find out the translation of protonemal to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of protonemal from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «protonemal» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

原丝
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

protonemal
570 millions of speakers

English

protonemal
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

protonemal
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

protonemal
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

протонемы
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

protonema
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

protonemal
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

protonemal
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Protonemal
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Protonema
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

protonemal
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

protonemal
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Protonemal
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

protonemal
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

protonemal
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

प्रोटॉनॅमिक
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

protonemal
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

protonemal
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

protonemal
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

протонеми
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

protonemal
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

protonemal
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

protonemal
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

protonemal
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

protonemal
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of protonemal

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «PROTONEMAL»

The term «protonemal» is used very little and occupies the 188.963 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Rarely used
12
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «protonemal» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of protonemal
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «protonemal».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «PROTONEMAL» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «protonemal» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «protonemal» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about protonemal

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «PROTONEMAL»

Discover the use of protonemal in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to protonemal and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Biology of Bryophytes
This substance inhibits protonemal growth and causes the induction of gemmae on fresh protonema before it attains the critical size required for gemma formation . It has therefore been named 'gemma factor'. The area of the test-protonema ...
R. N. Chopra, 1988
2
Biochemistry and Physiology of Polyamines in Plants
The emerging cylindrical protonemal tube grows rapidly and straight toward the unilateral red light source, being phototropically oriented by phytochrome in the membrane. The single large nucleus in the protonemal tube is located about 20 ...
Robert D. Slocum, Hector E. Flores, 1991
3
Annual Plant Reviews, The Moss Physcomitrella patens
Survival of P. patens protonemal tissue to desiccation (99.8% fresh weight loss) was achieved by exogenous application of ABA coupled with a slow drying condition (Oldenhof et al., 2006). Beckett et al. (2000) also showed that the moss  ...
Celia Knight, Pierre-François Perroud, David Cove, 2009
4
Microbial Responses to Light and Time
grow by extension of their most apical region, and so protonemal filaments are comparable to pollen tubes, for which numerous studies have unravelled the signal transduction chain that mediates regulation of growth rate and direction.
Society for General Microbiology. Symposium, M. X. Caddick, 1998
5
University Botany I : (Algae, Fungi, Bryophyta And Pteridophyta)
The lenticular cell becomes exposed, by the cracking of the wall and divides by a vertical wall into a rhizoidal initial and a protonemal initial. The former develops into a colourless filamentous rhizoid having nodes and internodes.
S.M. Reddy, 2001
6
Botany for Degree Students Part-III: Bryophyta
Protonemal phase : The protonemal phase, formed after the germination of spores on the wood surface, is persistent. The protonemal branches ramify on decaying logs or wood in the same manner as the fungal hypae. The male and female ...
B R Vashishta, A K Sinha, Adarsh Kumar, 2011
7
Photomorphogenesis in Plants and Bacteria: Function and ...
If protonemal cells are sown densely, tens of these cells can be seen in a single microscope field, and hundreds of cells can be observed within a few minutes. Many kinds of mutants can easily be screened if we are well informed about the ...
Eberhard Schc$fer, Ferenc Nagy, 2006
8
The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland
Protonemal leaves persistent. Three species. Derivation: relerring to the four peristome teeth. Protonemal leaves to 2.5 mm long, plants without flagelliform branches 1. T. brownianum Protonemal leaves to 0.5 mm long, flagelliform branches ...
A. J. E. Smith, 2004
9
Cytoplasmic Structures—Advances in Research and Application: ...
Worcester. Polytechnic. Institute: Quantitative. analysis. of. organelle. distribution. and. dynamics. in. Physcomitrella. patens. protonemal. cells. By a News Reporter -Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly — Investigators publish new report ...
‎2013
10
Current challenges in plant cell walls
... ril impressions also occur in freeze-fractured plasma membranes (Figure 2B). Fibrils detected by atomic force microscopy on the surface of air-dried protonemal filaments were 250 nm in diameter (Wyatt et al., 2008), which is consistent ...
Jose M. Estevez

2 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «PROTONEMAL»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term protonemal is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Plant Cell​:无光照情况下植物的生长
Feeding of 15EaPCB, but not 15ZaPCB, to protonemal filaments of the moss Ceratodon purpureus resulted in increased chlorophyll accumulation, modulation of ... «生物谷, May 12»
2
Useful genes from moss genome could enhance higher plants
A colony of 28 day-old *Physcomitrella patens* grown in laboratory culture showing the green, leafy shoots in the center, with fine, radiating protonemal ... «News from Washington University in St. Louis, Sep 04»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Protonemal [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/protonemal>. Apr 2024 ».
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