10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «RACEMIZATION»
Discover the use of
racemization in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to
racemization and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
2.8 Racemization During Peptide Synthesis One of the most serious problems
encountered in early peptide synthesis was partial racemization of the
incorporated amino acids. Racemization is not easy to detect and, more
importantly, it is not ...
2
Principles and Applications of Stereochemistry
5.1 Racemization Racemization is the process whereby one enantiomer of a
compound is converted into a 1 : 1 mixture of the two possible enantiomers, i.e.
into a racemic mixture (cf. Chapter 3, section 3.4.1). A racemic mixture may have
...
3
Green Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry
NH2 NH2 Scheme 13.3 Racemization of (R)-phenylethylamine with base at high
temperature. NaNH2 neat 100-140oC H2 (250psi), Raney-Co 140oC OH OH
NH2 Scheme 13.4 Catalytic racemization ofa secondary amine at high pressure ...
Peter J. Dunn, Andrew Wells, Michael T. Williams, 2010
3.7 RACEMIZATION Although, historically, most synthetic chiral drugs have been
formulated as racemates, a recent trend in the pharmaceutical industry is to
develop pure enantiomers, thanks to the advances in asymmetric synthesis and ...
Kenneth W. Busch, Marianna A. Busch, 2011
5
Asymmetric Catalysis on Industrial Scale: Challenges, ...
1 Racemization of (S)-9 using 1 mole of various bases. a) 100% racemized
indicates an ee of 0%. v) Racemization was very rapid in the presence of
alkoxides. A catalytic amount of potassium tert-butoxide (as low as 5 mol-%) was
sufficient for ...
Hans Ulrich Blaser, Elke Schmidt, 2007
6
Chirotechnology: Industrial Synthesis of Optically Active ...
Substrate costs: asymmetric synthesis versus resolution 2. Cost of resolving
agent or (bio)catalyst 3. Chemical 4. Ease of racemization of unwanted isomer 5.
Total number of steps 6. Position of resolution step in overall synthesis to obtain
high ...
7
Amino-Acids, Peptides and Proteins
indicated 0.85% racemization when triethylammonium salts were used, but no
racemization with tetrabutylammonium salts. The four-component condensation
method has been used in the preparation of a cyclic eledoisin analogue and ...
8
Novel Optical Resolution Technologies
As a result (shown in Table 7) the racemization of the amino acid salts was
greatlyaccelerated, and in the reaction mixtures the content of amino acid was
almost 100% without signification decomposition. The racemization mechanism
of ...
Kenichi Sakai, Noriaki Hirayama, Rui Tamura, 2007
9
Cheese: General aspects
(1) racemization, (2) metabolism by Propionibac- terium freudenreichii subsp.
shermanii in Swiss cheese, (3) oxidative metabolism of lactate, (4) conversion to
formate, ethanol and acetate and (5) anaerobic metabolism of lactate to butyrate
...
10
Dynamic Stereochemistry of Chiral Compounds: Principles and ...
3.1.1 Racemization Racemization is irreversible, and is completed when the
thermodynamic equilibrium (ee = 0%) is reached. The driving force for
racemization is the increase in entropy, provided one can disregard enthalpic
contributions ...
10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «RACEMIZATION»
Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term
racemization is used in the context of the following news items.
Fossil fuel emissions are making carbon dating more difficult
But researchers have other dating tools at their disposal — radiometric techniques using other isotopes, a process called “amino acid racemization” that looks at ... «Washington Post, Jul 15»
Humans passed through Lebanon on their way from Africa to Europe
Additionally, the team studied the extent of racemization of amino acids in the shell samples. Amino acids—the building blocks of proteins—exist with a unique ... «Ars Technica, Jun 15»
Deuterated drugs Relief from racemization
The racemization half-life for thalidomide analogues is known to be significantly shorter than the half-life for elimination from the body making it difficult to dose ... «Nature.com, Apr 15»
The Ages of Whales and Technological Change
The amino acid racemization process has provided the scientific basis for these claims. This process is controversial and has failed to correlate well with other ... «Wired, Nov 14»
Patent held invalid for not meeting promise of improved therapeutic …
Thus, “stability against racemization” was held not to be a promise in and of itself; but, rather, an integral aspect of the utility of the drug as a pharmaceutical in ... «Lexology, Jul 14»
Necklace suggests Bronze Age Brits kept it local
The research team used amino acid racemization analysis (a technique used previously mainly for dating artifacts), light microscopy, scanning electron ... «Futurity: Research News, Jun 14»
New Bacteria Discovery --"Implications for Organisms on Earth and …
Amino acids have the property of being able to spontaneously flip from one form to another, a process called racemization. Racemization is very slow. «The Daily Galaxy, Apr 14»
Rhythms From Martian Sands - What Did Our Viking Landers Find in …
But then amino acids can swap handedness in warm conditions (racemization) and any ancient organics may be thoroughly racemized if they have been warm ... «Science 2.0, Mar 14»
How Deep Inside Our Planet Can Life Exist?
"Of all the amino acids, aspartic acid has the greatest racemization rate," Onstott explains. "Its abundance in prokaryotic proteins is typically 6 to7%, even for ... «Astrobiology News, Feb 14»
Greenland's Ice Sheet Was Smaller Just 5000 Years Ago Without …
We measured the extent of amino acid racemization in 251 ice sheet-reworked marine bivalve shells from three locations spanning western Greenland. «reportingclimatescience.com, Nov 13»
