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Meaning of "toxin-antitoxin" in the English dictionary

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PRONUNCIATION OF TOXIN-ANTITOXIN

toxin-antitoxin play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF TOXIN-ANTITOXIN

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Toxin-Antitoxin is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES TOXIN-ANTITOXIN MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Definition of toxin-antitoxin in the English dictionary

The definition of toxin-antitoxin in the dictionary is a mixture of a specific toxin and antitoxin. The diphtheria toxin-antitoxin was formerly used in the US for active immunization.


WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE TOXIN-ANTITOXIN

toxication
toxicity
toxicogenic
toxicol.
toxicologic
toxicological
toxicologically
toxicologist
toxicology
toxicomania
toxicophagous
toxicophobia
toxicoses
toxicosis
toxigenic
toxigenicity
toxin
toxiphagous
toxiphobia
toxiphobiac

WORDS THAT END LIKE TOXIN-ANTITOXIN

aflatoxin
anatoxin
antitoxin
bacteriotoxin
biotoxin
botulinum toxin
ciguatoxin
cytotoxin
digitoxin
endotoxin
enterotoxin
exotoxin
mycotoxin
neurotoxin
phytotoxin
picrotoxin
saxitoxin
tetrodotoxin
thyroxin
toxin
zootoxin

Synonyms and antonyms of toxin-antitoxin in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «toxin-antitoxin» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF TOXIN-ANTITOXIN

Find out the translation of toxin-antitoxin to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of toxin-antitoxin from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «toxin-antitoxin» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

毒素 - 抗毒素
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

toxina - antitoxina
570 millions of speakers

English

toxin-antitoxin
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

विष अतिविष
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

السم و الترياق
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

токсин - антитоксин
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

toxina - antitoxina
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

বিষ-প্রতিবিষ
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

toxine - antitoxine
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Toksin-antitoxin
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Toxin -Antitoxin -
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

毒素 - 抗毒素
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

독소 - 항독소
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Toxin-antitoxin
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

độc tố thuốc kháng độc
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

நச்சு-நச்சு எதிர்ப்புப்
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

विष-अँटीटॉक्सिन
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

toksine antitoksin
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

tossina - antitossina
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

toksyny - antytoksyny
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

токсин - антитоксин
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

toxina - antitoxina
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

τοξίνη - αντιτοξίνης
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

gifstof - teengif
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

toxin - antitoxin
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

toksin - antitoxin
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of toxin-antitoxin

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «TOXIN-ANTITOXIN»

The term «toxin-antitoxin» is normally little used and occupies the 145.859 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
32
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «toxin-antitoxin» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of toxin-antitoxin
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «toxin-antitoxin».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «TOXIN-ANTITOXIN» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «toxin-antitoxin» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «toxin-antitoxin» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about toxin-antitoxin

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «TOXIN-ANTITOXIN»

Discover the use of toxin-antitoxin in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to toxin-antitoxin and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Prokaryotic Toxin-Antitoxins
Since then it has become evident that TA genes are highly abundant on both plasmids and chromosomes belonging to the bacterial and archaeal domains. TA genes come in three variants, depending on how the antitoxin works.
Kenn Gerdes, 2012
2
Advances in Immune Sera Research and Application: 2013 ...
The editors have built Advances in Immune Sera Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about ZZZAdditional Research in this book to be deeper than what you ...
‎2013
3
E. Coli Plasmid Vectors: Methods and Applications
Toxin–Antitoxin Systems An additional mechanism which plasmids use to favor their maintenance in bacterial populations involves the killing or growth impairment of cells that fail to acquire a copy of the plasmid. This has variously been ...
Nicola Casali, Andrew Preston, 2003
4
The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America
The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
Office of the Federal Register (U.S.), 2000
5
Functional Genomics of Stress Response in the ...
The HicAB cassette, a putative novel, RNA-targeting toxin-antitoxin system in archaea and bacteria. Bioinformatics 22, 2581-4 Monti, C., M., Hernandez- Arriaga, M., A., Kamphuis, B., M., Lopez-Villarejo, J., Heck, J., A., et al. (2007). Interactions ...
Sabrina Tachdjian, 2007
6
The Logic of Chance: The Nature and Origin of Biological ...
Defense and stress response systems, particularly restriction-modification and toxin-antitoxin systems, can be considered special parts of the mobilome. Comparative analysis of these systems reveals rapid evolution and frequent HGT , and ...
Eugene V. Koonin, 2011
7
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF DIPHTHERIA
will be almost no antitoxin free because in these proportions the combination toxin-antitoxin is only very feebly dissociated. As we increase the amount of antitoxin a greater amount of toxin will be fixed, but at the same time the toxin- antitoxin ...
G. H. F. NUTTALL
8
Advances in Immune Sera Research and Application: 2012 ...
very large VapBC toxin-antitoxin family. We tested a spectrum of pairwise combinations of cognate and noncognate Mtb toxin-antitoxins using in vivo toxicity and rescue experiments along with in vitro interaction experiments. Surprisingly, we ...
‎2012
9
Methods in Microbiology
II. III. IV. V. VI. CHAPTER VIII Toxin-Antitoxin Assay Irene 254 P. D. WALKER, IRENE BATTY AND R. o. THOMSON.
James R. Norris, Douglas W. Ribbons, 1971
10
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Animals and Animal ...
A comparative toxin-antitoxin neutralization test shall be conducted using a standard antitoxin and a standard toxin. All dilutions shall be made in M/15 phosphate buffered (pH) 7.4 physiological saline with 0.2 percent gelatin. (1) One ml of the ...
Office of the Federal Register (U S ), U. s. Government Printing Office, 2012

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «TOXIN-ANTITOXIN»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term toxin-antitoxin is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Public Release: 29-Jul-2015 New research opens the door for …
Toxin-antitoxin gene pairs are "scattered around the chromosomes of all bacteria we know of," says Lewis. A mutation in either gene, however, can throw the ... «EurekAlert, Jul 15»
2
A Movable Defense
In particular, infected bacterial or archaeal cells can activate toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems to induce dormancy or cell death. Normally, the toxin protein is ... «Scientist, Jan 15»
3
Evolving Antibiotic Tolerance
“The way the toxin-antitoxin module is built, [there are] two entities that interact strongly with each other,” said Balaban: the toxic stops the cell from growing, until ... «Scientist, Jun 14»
4
Advances in Genetic Engineering at the 2014 American Society for …
... the presence of the CRISPR system itself seems to cause cell death, an effect the group hypothesizes is due to native toxin-antitoxin systems in the bacterial ... «Bio-IT World, May 14»
5
Syngulon to Speak on Selection Tools for New Industrial Needs at …
He will also described the bacterial toxin-antitoxin based selection technologies (today's standards) that he and colleagues developed at ULB since the 90's. «PR Web, May 14»
6
Toxin produced by bacteria could serve as a model for next …
Bacterial growth is regulated in part by sets of genes known as toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, each of which typically encodes two proteins—the toxin and the ... «Phys.Org, Nov 13»
7
Bacterial Toxins Suggest New Antibiotic Targets
November 14, 2013 | To regulate their own growth and proliferation, bacteria maintain an intricate network of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, in which they produce ... «Bio-IT World, Nov 13»
8
南海海洋所等揭示毒素-抗毒素系统全新调控机
中科院南海海洋研究所研究员王晓雪等近日在Nature Chemical Biology(《自然化学生物学》)发表论文——A new type V toxin-antitoxin system where mRNA for ... «生物通, Mar 13»
9
Bacteria Use Toxin to Hibernate
The free toxins now bind to unoccupied antitoxins on DNA within the area encoding the toxin-antitoxin couple (step 2). Binding increasing amounts of toxin ... «Laboratory Equipment, Sep 12»
10
中科院发表Nature化学生物新文章
来自中国科学院南海海洋研究所、德克萨斯农工大学和美国布朗大学的研究人员发现了一种新型的V型毒素-抗毒素系统(toxin-antitoxin system),并证实其组成部分 ... «生物通, Sep 12»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Toxin-Antitoxin [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/toxin-antitoxin>. Apr 2024 ».
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