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Civilization is hideously fragile and there's not much between us and the horrors underneath, just about a coat of varnish.
Carrie Snow

Meaning of "varnish" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
section

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD VARNISH

From Old French vernis, from Medieval Latin veronix sandarac, resin, from Medieval Greek berenikē, perhaps from Greek Berenikē, city in Cyrenaica, Libya where varnishes were used.
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Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.
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PRONUNCIATION OF VARNISH

varnish  [ˈvɑːnɪʃ] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF VARNISH

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Varnish is a verb and can also act as a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

The verb is the part of the sentence that is conjugated and expresses action and state of being.

See the conjugation of the verb varnish in English.

WHAT DOES VARNISH MEAN IN ENGLISH?

varnish

Varnish

Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. Varnish finishes are usually glossy but may be designed to produce satin or semi-gloss sheens by the addition of "flatting" agents. Varnish has little or no color, is transparent, and has no added pigment, as opposed to paints or wood stains, which contain pigment and generally range from opaque to translucent. Varnishes are also applied over wood stains as a final step to achieve a film for gloss and protection. Some products are marketed as a combined stain and varnish. After being applied, the film-forming substances in varnishes either harden directly, as soon as the solvent has fully evaporated, or harden after evaporation of the solvent through certain curing processes, primarily chemical reaction between oils and oxygen from the air and chemical reactions between components of the varnish. Resin varnishes "dry" by evaporation of the solvent and harden almost immediately upon drying.

Definition of varnish in the English dictionary

The first definition of varnish in the dictionary is Also called: oil varnish. a preparation consisting of a solvent, a drying oil, and usually resin, rubber, bitumen, etc, for application to a surface where it polymerizes to yield a hard glossy, usually transparent, coating. Other definition of varnish is Also called: natural varnish. the sap of certain trees used to produce such a coating. Varnish is also a smooth surface, coated with or as with varnish.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO VARNISH

PRESENT

Present
I varnish
you varnish
he/she/it varnishes
we varnish
you varnish
they varnish
Present continuous
I am varnishing
you are varnishing
he/she/it is varnishing
we are varnishing
you are varnishing
they are varnishing
Present perfect
I have varnished
you have varnished
he/she/it has varnished
we have varnished
you have varnished
they have varnished
Present perfect continuous
I have been varnishing
you have been varnishing
he/she/it has been varnishing
we have been varnishing
you have been varnishing
they have been varnishing
Present tense is used to refer to circumstances that exist at the present time or over a period that includes the present time. The present perfect refers to past events, although it can be considered to denote primarily the resulting present situation rather than the events themselves.

PAST

Past
I varnished
you varnished
he/she/it varnished
we varnished
you varnished
they varnished
Past continuous
I was varnishing
you were varnishing
he/she/it was varnishing
we were varnishing
you were varnishing
they were varnishing
Past perfect
I had varnished
you had varnished
he/she/it had varnished
we had varnished
you had varnished
they had varnished
Past perfect continuous
I had been varnishing
you had been varnishing
he/she/it had been varnishing
we had been varnishing
you had been varnishing
they had been varnishing
Past tense forms express circumstances existing at some time in the past,

FUTURE

Future
I will varnish
you will varnish
he/she/it will varnish
we will varnish
you will varnish
they will varnish
Future continuous
I will be varnishing
you will be varnishing
he/she/it will be varnishing
we will be varnishing
you will be varnishing
they will be varnishing
Future perfect
I will have varnished
you will have varnished
he/she/it will have varnished
we will have varnished
you will have varnished
they will have varnished
Future perfect continuous
I will have been varnishing
you will have been varnishing
he/she/it will have been varnishing
we will have been varnishing
you will have been varnishing
they will have been varnishing
The future is used to express circumstances that will occur at a later time.

CONDITIONAL

Conditional
I would varnish
you would varnish
he/she/it would varnish
we would varnish
you would varnish
they would varnish
Conditional continuous
I would be varnishing
you would be varnishing
he/she/it would be varnishing
we would be varnishing
you would be varnishing
they would be varnishing
Conditional perfect
I would have varnish
you would have varnish
he/she/it would have varnish
we would have varnish
you would have varnish
they would have varnish
Conditional perfect continuous
I would have been varnishing
you would have been varnishing
he/she/it would have been varnishing
we would have been varnishing
you would have been varnishing
they would have been varnishing
Conditional or "future-in-the-past" tense refers to hypothetical or possible actions.

IMPERATIVE

Imperative
you varnish
we let´s varnish
you varnish
The imperative is used to form commands or requests.
NONFINITE VERB FORMS
Infinitive
to varnish
Past participle
varnished
Present Participle
varnishing
Infinitive shows the action beyond temporal perspective. The present participle or gerund shows the action during the session. The past participle shows the action after completion.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH VARNISH


antitarnish
ˌæntɪˈtɑːnɪʃ
buffoonish
bʌˈfuːnɪʃ
burnish
ˈbɜːnɪʃ
cartoonish
ˌkɑːˈtuːnɪʃ
corniche
ˈkɔːnɪʃ
Cornish
ˈkɔːnɪʃ
degarnish
diːˈɡɑːnɪʃ
disfurnish
dɪsˈfɜːnɪʃ
disgarnish
dɪsˈɡɑːnɪʃ
furnish
ˈfɜːnɪʃ
garnish
ˈɡɑːnɪʃ
greenish
ˈɡriːnɪʃ
hornish
ˈhɔːnɪʃ
moonish
ˈmuːnɪʃ
refurnish
ˌriːˈfɜːnɪʃ
revarnish
riːˈvɑːnɪʃ
soonish
ˈsuːnɪʃ
spleenish
ˈspliːnɪʃ
tarnish
ˈtɑːnɪʃ
unfurnish
ʌnˈfɜːnɪʃ

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE VARNISH

varitype
Varityper
varitypist
varix
varix lymphaticus
varlet
varletess
varletry
varmint
varna
varnish tree
varnisher
varnishing
varnishing day
varnishy
Varro
varroa
varsal
varsities
varsity

WORDS THAT END LIKE VARNISH

bairnish
banish
brownish
cellulose varnish
Danish
diminish
finish
Finnish
kernish
nail varnish
natural varnish
oil varnish
punish
replenish
shellac varnish
Spanish
spirit varnish
the Cornish
the Spanish
vanish

Synonyms and antonyms of varnish in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

SYNONYMS OF «VARNISH»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «varnish» and belong to the same grammatical category.
synonyms of varnish

Translation of «varnish» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF VARNISH

Find out the translation of varnish to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of varnish from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «varnish» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

清漆
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

barniz
570 millions of speakers

English

varnish
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

वार्निश
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

وَرْنِيش
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

лак
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

verniz
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

বার্নিশ
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

vernis
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Varnis
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Lack
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

ニス
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

니스
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Varnish
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

véc-ni
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

வார்னிஷ்
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

वार्निश
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

vernik
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

vernice
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

lakier
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

лак
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

lac
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

βερνίκι
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

vernis
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

fernissa
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

lakk
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of varnish

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «VARNISH»

The term «varnish» is very widely used and occupies the 22.636 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Very widely used
90
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «varnish» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of varnish
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «varnish».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «VARNISH» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «varnish» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «varnish» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about varnish

EXAMPLES

3 QUOTES WITH «VARNISH»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word varnish.
1
Barry McGee
For me, graffiti means making marks on surfaces using just about anything, be it markers, spray, paint, chalk, lipstick, varnish, ink. Or it can be the result of scratches and incisions. The aim is to maintain the energy created by disturbance or excitement in the street.
2
Carrie Snow
Civilization is hideously fragile and there's not much between us and the horrors underneath, just about a coat of varnish.
3
Peter Zumthor
I am convinced that a good building must be capable of absorbing the traces of human life and taking on a specific richness... I think of the patina of age on materials, of innumerable small scratches on surfaces, of varnish that has grown dull and brittle, and of edges polished by use.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «VARNISH»

Discover the use of varnish in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to varnish and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Printing Ink and Overprint Varnish Formulations
These books present about 300 up-to-date printing ink and overprint varnish formulations from manufacturers each.
Ernest W. Flick, 1999
2
Violin Varnish
The subject matter of this book will of necessity become tech nical, especially when the theoretical aspects are considered.
Joseph Michelman, 2008
3
A Coat of Varnish
Humphrey Leigh, retired resident of Belgravia, pays a social visit to an old friend, Lady Ashbrook.
C. P. Snow, 2000
4
Paint Varnish Solvents & Coating Technology
Introduction, General Pigments Physical Properties, Pigments Processing, Plasticizers And Solvents, Synthetic Resins, Cellulose Ester And Ether Produc Ts, Varnishes, Pigmentation, Paints (Decorative & Building), Coatings, Industrial Paints ...
Eiri, Eiri Board, 2006
5
Shelves, Closets and Cabinets
As a result, they should be applied in as dust-free an environment as possible. lt also helps if you select a fast- drying varnish. There is no real advantage in the slow dryers anyway, and the longer the varnish is wet, the more dust will collect on ...
Peter Jones, 1987
6
Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to
Varnish serves two main purposes: to protect the wood from knocks, stains, and other marks, and to give it a sheen that accentuates the grain pattern. Some varnishes can be used to change the color of the wood to resemble another species, ...
Albert Jackson, David Day, 2009
7
American Woodworker
CHOOSING THE RIGHT VARNISH Types of varnish: There are three traditional varnish categories: brushing varnish, spar varnish and urethane or polyurethane varnish. The "poly" varnishes are also divided into three subgroups, based ...
8
American Woodworker
It's a good bet that the first finish you ever brushed on wood was an oil varnish. For centuries, varnish has been the finish of choice for furniture makers. To this day, it remains a very durable, very beautiful, easy-to-apply coating that holds its  ...
9
Old-House Journal
Though some manufacturers would have you believe one product is acceptable for every application, you can narrow the choices to three common brushable clear finish types. oil-based varnish— Until about 25 years ago, oil-based varnish  ...
10
Routledge Diccionario Técnico Inglés
... transp mar navegacion windward harn m th) Fis, Fis part, nucl harn i/1) hamhardtita/ mineral harnhardite hamio m th) Fis, Fis part, nucl harn th) harniz m color, const lacker, lacquer, varnish, elec aislacidn, impr varnish, meca lacker, lacquer, ...
Routledge, 1997

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «VARNISH»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term varnish is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Akron Paint & Varnish to buy old Bridgestone property; add jobs
Akron Paint & Varnish -- also known as APV Engineered Coatings - would pay $25,000 and acre, or more than $100,000, for the city-owned property, which ... «Akron Beacon Journal, Jun 15»
2
Varnish now secures Web traffic with SSL support
Now, those using the Varnish Web acceleration software will have a helping hand in this task, as the enterprise edition can be configured to deliver encrypted ... «PCWorld, Jun 15»
3
Varnish Software Releases Varnish API Engine
Early customer trials indicate that the Varnish API Engine can handle up to 20,000 API calls per second, far surpassing the performance of most alternatives. «Marketwired, Apr 15»
4
Jess Varnish can be better than me - Victoria Pendleton
Double Olympic gold medallist Victoria Pendleton believes Britain's Jess Varnish has the potential to become a better sprinter than she was. Varnish missed out ... «BBC Sport, Feb 15»
5
Hands up who'd prefer to rent their nail varnish rather than buy it?
It's the beauty service you didn't even realise you needed (and quite possibly will never need). Now you can rent your varnish instead of buying it, from a Love ... «Metro, Oct 14»
6
Jess Varnish wins third title at the British Track Cycling Championships
The pair's win in a tight final over Katy Marchant and Victoria Williamson added to the sprint and 500-metre time trial titles Varnish had already successfully ... «Daily Mail, Sep 14»
7
National Track Championships: Jess Varnish wins time trial title
Jess Varnish began her quest to retain her four national titles by winning the women's 500m time trial at the British National Track Championships. «BBC Sport, Sep 14»
8
'The Sound of Music' to tour without 'varnish'
NEW YORK--Tony Award-winning director Jack O'Brien is working on a touring version of "The Sound of Music" starting next year, but he promises he won't be ... «China Post, Sep 14»
9
Jess Varnish, Gemma Gibbons, Chad Le Clos and Hannah Miley …
SHARE PICTURE. Copy link to paste in your message. +4. Changing the guard? Jess Varnish will be hoping to help deny Australia top spot in the medals table ... «Daily Mail, Jul 14»
10
Task force to doctors: paint fluoride on baby teeth
The panel declined to state how often doctors should apply fluoride varnish to infants' ... In addition to applying fluoride varnish to all baby teeth, the task force ... «Reuters, May 14»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Varnish [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/varnish>. Apr 2024 ».
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