WAS BEDEUTET VIROID AUF ENGLISCH
Viroid
Viroide sind Pflanzenpathogene, die aus einer kurzen Strecke von hochkomplementärer, kreisförmiger, einzelsträngiger RNA bestehen. Im Vergleich dazu ist das Genom der kleinsten bekannten Viren, die in der Lage sind, eine Infektion selbst zu verursachen, etwa 2 Kilobasen groß. Das menschliche Erreger Hepatitis D Virus ist ähnlich wie Viroiden. Viroidgenome sind extrem klein, von 246 bis 467 Nukleotiden und bestehen aus weniger als 10.000 Atomen. Viroiden wurden 1971 von Theodor Otto Diener, einem Pflanzenpathologen bei der Agricultural Research Service in Maryland, entdeckt und benannt. Viroid RNA kodiert kein Protein. Ihr Replikationsmechanismus verwendet RNA-Polymerase II, ein Wirtszellenzym, das normalerweise mit der Synthese von Messenger-RNA aus DNA assoziiert ist, die stattdessen die "Rolling Circle" -Synthese neuer RNA unter Verwendung der RNA des Viroid als Matrize katalysiert. Einige Viroide sind Ribozyme mit katalytischen Eigenschaften, die eine Selbstspaltung und Ligation von Einheitsgrößengenomen aus größeren Replikationszwischenprodukten ermöglichen. Das erste Viroid, das identifiziert werden sollte, war Kartoffelspindelknollen-Viroid. Es wurden etwa 33 Arten identifiziert.
Definition von viroid im Wörterbuch Englisch
Die Definition von Viroid im Wörterbuch ist eine von verschiedenen infektiösen RNA-Partikeln, die kleiner als ein Virus sind und bekanntermaßen einige Pflanzenkrankheiten verursachen.
MIT «VIROID» VERWANDTE WÖRTER IM WÖRTERBUCH ENGLISCH
viroid ·
diseases ·
examples ·
structure ·
virus ·
virion ·
humans ·
particle ·
viroids ·
prions ·
plant ·
pathogens ·
that ·
consist ·
short ·
stretch ·
highly ·
complementary ·
circular ·
single ·
stranded ·
comparison ·
genome ·
smallest ·
known ·
viruses ·
capable ·
causing ·
infection ·
themselves ·
more ·
merriam ·
webster ·
families ·
pospiviroidae ·
avsunviroidae ·
subviral ·
particles ·
arranged ·
closed ·
loop ·
without ·
atsu ·
introduce ·
concept ·
disease ·
entity ·
familiarize ·
with ·
current ·
concepts ·
pathogenicity ·
define ·
infectious ·
agent ·
plants ·
only ·
strand ·
coat ·
origin ·
viral ·
encyclopedia ·
britannica ·
smaller ·
certain ·
consists ·
solely ·
medical ·
mcmanus ·
sequence ·
similarity ·
between ·
different ·
suggests ·
intermolecular ·
recombinations ·
intramolecular ·
rearrangements ·
have ·
occured ·
during ·
statewide ·
program ·
management ·
guidelines ·
floriculture ·
ornamental ·
nurseries ·
prion ·
information ·
differ ·
many ·
important ·
ways ·
unlike ·
capsids ·
protecting ·
nucleic ·
acid ·
10 BÜCHER, DIE MIT «VIROID» IM ZUSAMMENHANG STEHEN
Entdecke den Gebrauch von
viroid in der folgenden bibliographischen Auswahl. Bücher, die mit
viroid im Zusammenhang stehen und kurze Auszüge derselben, um seinen Gebrauch in der Literatur kontextbezogen darzustellen.
1
Viroid Life: Perspectives on Nietzsche and the Transhuman ...
A bold and thought-provoking look at the future of the human, Viroid Life is essential reading for anyone interested in continental philosophy, cultural studies and social theory.
Keith Ansell Pearson,
2012
2
Microbial Plant Pathogens-Detection and Disease Diagnosis:: ...
Inclusion of numerous protocols in appropriate chapters as appendix is a unique feature of this volume.
3
Plant Virus and
Viroid Diseases in the Tropics: Volume 1: ...
(9) Movement Limited information is available about the pathways and
mechanism of viroid movement inside the host plant. The viroids after entering in
a potential host cell, it has to move to either the nucleus (Pospiviroidae) or
chloroplast ...
K. Subramanya Sastry,
2013
This work presents information on viroids and viroid diseases. It provides a single source of information on the properties of viroids, the economic impact of viroid diseases and methods for their detection and control.
5
Viroids and Satellites: Molecular Parasites at the Frontier ...
Viroid replication occurs via RNA intermediates of opposite polarity and does not
involve DNA. In sharp contrast to viral RNAs, viroids do not function as mRNAs,
hence viroids must be replicated by pre-existing host enzymes. The presence of ...
6
Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee ...
genus APsCAviroid Type species Apple scar skin viroid Distinguishing features
Circular ssRNAs between 306 and 369 nt depending on species and sequence
variants. The most stable secondary structure is a rod-like or quasi-rod-like ...
Andrew MQ King, Elliot Lefkowitz, Michael J. Adams,
2011
(2012). 2. Cytopathic Effects Various effects of viroid infection on cellular
structures have been reported. For example, in some infections by members of
the Pospiviroidae changes have been observed in membranous structures called
...
8
Diseases of Horticultural Crops: Fruits
25. Viroid. Diseases. of. Fruits. P. RAMACHANDRAN 1. INTRODUCTION Viroids
are the smallest plant pathogens known to date. They consist of unencapsidated,
circular, single-stranded RNA of 240 to 375 bases (Diener, 1971). Since their ...
9
Principles of Molecular Virology
Virusoids are satellite, viroid-like molecules, a bit larger than viroids (
approximately 1000 nucleotides), which are dependent on the presence of virus
replication for their multiplication (the reason they are called satellites). They are
packaged ...
Viroid-group Viroid-subgroup Viroid Abbreviation Length (nucleotides) A. ASBV-
group ASBV-subgroup Avocado sunblotch viroid ASBV 246-250 Chrysanthemum
chlorotic mottle viroid CChMV 398-399 Peach latent mosaic viroid PLMV 337 B.
D. Söll, S. Nishimura, P. Moore,
2001
10 NACHRICHTEN, IN DENEN DER BEGRIFF «VIROID» VORKOMMT
Erfahre, worüber man in den einheimischen und internationalen Medien spricht und wie der Begriff
viroid im Kontext der folgenden Nachrichten gebraucht wird.
Costa Rica bans Mexican, Guatemalan avocados
Costa Rica has banned imports of avocados from Mexico, Guatemala and other countries over sunblotch viroid concerns. The measure is temporary, according ... «The Packer, Jul 15»
More Food Safety Issues Popping Up on WTO Committee Agenda
Costa Rica's measure to temporarily suspend import certificates for avocados because of the avocado tree disease called sunblotch viroid raised concerns from ... «Food Safety News, Jul 15»
Resistance test to Hop Stunt Viroid on 26 apricot varieties
The apricot species is susceptible to infection by different viruses and viroids including the HSVd, widely distributed around the world and described as the ... «FreshPlaza, Jul 15»
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión de importaciones Costa Rica busca evitar la entrada de la plaga "avocado sunblotch viroid". «elDinero, Jun 15»
"Costa Rica Sunblotch free, Mexico reported it 2010"
Among other ways, seeds can transmit the viroid. However, there are fruits that present symptoms and others that don't. The fruits with symptoms are not sold, ... «FreshPlaza, Jun 15»
Stuart Newman: The Virosphere And Non-Linear Evolution
Suzan Mazur: But many scientists are saying we can no longer ignore the virosphere, which is ubiquitous. Some say that a viroid-like entity may have been the ... «Scoop.co.nz, Mai 15»
Workshop to help South Australian growers prepare for potato pests
“Potato spindle tuber viroid has recently been declared endemic in Australia and Dr Lye will be able to update the industry on the latest developments and ... «PotatoPro, Mai 15»
Supply of avocados beginning to dwindle after Costa Rica imposes …
... countries as well as the U.S. state of Florida due to the presence of a virus known as Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBV) affecting the fruit in those countries. «Inside Costa Rica, Mai 15»
Avocado prices to soar in Costa Rica
... Avocado Sunblotch Viroid, also called “sunblotch.” Included in this affliction is the Haas avocado, which is the most popular avocado in the world, according to ... «FreshPlaza, Mai 15»
The "First Replicon" on Earth? A Chat With Virologist Ricardo Flores
Flores thinks viruses may be "the most important faction of the [planet's] biomass" and that a viroid-like entity is a prime candidate for the first replicon on Earth. «Huffington Post, Mai 15»