CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO BACKCROSS
PRESENT
Present
I backcross
you backcross
he/she/it backcrosses
we backcross
you backcross
they backcross
Present continuous
I am backcrossing
you are backcrossing
he/she/it is backcrossing
we are backcrossing
you are backcrossing
they are backcrossing
Present perfect
I have backcrossed
you have backcrossed
he/she/it has backcrossed
we have backcrossed
you have backcrossed
they have backcrossed
Present perfect continuous
I have been backcrossing
you have been backcrossing
he/she/it has been backcrossing
we have been backcrossing
you have been backcrossing
they have been backcrossing
Present tense is used to refer to circumstances that exist at the present time or over a period that includes the present time. The
present perfect refers to past events, although it can be considered to denote primarily the resulting present situation rather than the events themselves.
PAST
Past
I backcrossed
you backcrossed
he/she/it backcrossed
we backcrossed
you backcrossed
they backcrossed
Past continuous
I was backcrossing
you were backcrossing
he/she/it was backcrossing
we were backcrossing
you were backcrossing
they were backcrossing
Past perfect
I had backcrossed
you had backcrossed
he/she/it had backcrossed
we had backcrossed
you had backcrossed
they had backcrossed
Past perfect continuous
I had been backcrossing
you had been backcrossing
he/she/it had been backcrossing
we had been backcrossing
you had been backcrossing
they had been backcrossing
Past tense forms express circumstances existing at some time in the past,
FUTURE
Future
I will backcross
you will backcross
he/she/it will backcross
we will backcross
you will backcross
they will backcross
Future continuous
I will be backcrossing
you will be backcrossing
he/she/it will be backcrossing
we will be backcrossing
you will be backcrossing
they will be backcrossing
Future perfect
I will have backcrossed
you will have backcrossed
he/she/it will have backcrossed
we will have backcrossed
you will have backcrossed
they will have backcrossed
Future perfect continuous
I will have been backcrossing
you will have been backcrossing
he/she/it will have been backcrossing
we will have been backcrossing
you will have been backcrossing
they will have been backcrossing
The
future is used to express circumstances that will occur at a later time.
CONDITIONAL
Conditional
I would backcross
you would backcross
he/she/it would backcross
we would backcross
you would backcross
they would backcross
Conditional continuous
I would be backcrossing
you would be backcrossing
he/she/it would be backcrossing
we would be backcrossing
you would be backcrossing
they would be backcrossing
Conditional perfect
I would have backcross
you would have backcross
he/she/it would have backcross
we would have backcross
you would have backcross
they would have backcross
Conditional perfect continuous
I would have been backcrossing
you would have been backcrossing
he/she/it would have been backcrossing
we would have been backcrossing
you would have been backcrossing
they would have been backcrossing
Conditional or "future-in-the-past" tense refers to hypothetical or possible actions.
IMPERATIVE
Imperative
you backcross
we let´s backcross
you backcross
The
imperative is used to form commands or requests.
NONFINITE VERB FORMS
Past participle
backcrossed
Present Participle
backcrossing
Infinitive shows the action beyond temporal perspective. The
present participle or gerund shows the action during the session. The
past participle shows the action after completion.
10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «BACKCROSS»
Discover the use of
backcross in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to
backcross and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Principles of Plant Breeding
The Number of Backcrosses If backcross breeding programs are to succeed with
certainty, the complex, essential features of the genotype of the recurrent parent
that endow it with superior overall worth must be recovered. Such recovery will ...
Robert Wayne Allard, 1999
2
Molecular Dissection of Complex Traits
At a single locus level, the F1 progeny between two heterozygous parents is a
mixture of F2 and backcross. At the whole genome level, linkage phase is a
mixture of coupling and repulsion. To determine linkage phase, a three
generation ...
3
Statistical Genomics: Linkage, Mapping, and QTL Analysis
The two sections of this chapter are arranged according to the backcross and F2
types of mapping populations. Experimental populations used for QTL mapping
in most plant and animal species can be classified as a backcross or an F2 type ...
In this case, repeated backcrossing to improved dwarf parents, coupled with
strong selection in the F1 following each backcross, might break the linkage.
Another example of the selective usefulness of conventional backcrossing was
early in ...
H. E. Kauffman, W. R. Coffman, Peter Randolph Jennings
5
Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding: ...
Such a backcross-pedigree programme not only requires few backcrosses but
makes the backcross derived recurrent parent to be more competitive with lines
derived from other parallel breeding programmes. 1.3 The Behaviour of
Character ...
G. S. Chahal, S. S. Gosal, 2002
6
Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding
A certain number of individuals is needed for a chance to recover the desired
genes in a backcross program. This number increases as the number of genes
controlling the donor trait increases. Furthermore, for multiple gene traits, it will be
...
7
Biotechnology: Enhancing Research on Tropical Crops in Africa
In a recurrent backcross breeding programme, for example, the goal might be the
development of a line whose genome is predominantly that of the recurrent
parent, with a small chromosomal region carrying a gene of interest retained from
the ...
8
Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: ...
P1 * F1 BC1F1 BC1F2 BC2F1 Select healthy palms and selfed to create BC1F2
Select progenies with good yield and general features of guineensis and
backcross to recipient to create BC2F1 X Select healthy palms and selfed to
create ...
9
The Genetic Architecture of Maize Photoperiod Sensitivity as ...
associations were only done in the B73 x CML254 and B73 x Ki11 backcross
population subsets. In each analysis, replication, field position (assigned by
columns and rows), backcross lines, and incomplete blocks were considered
random ...
10
Agricultute in Alliance with Nature: Catie's recent advances ...
Stages of the acclimatization protocol developed at CATIE for coffee somaplants
produced either through microcuttings or somatic embryogenesis 34 Figure 18.
Genotypes utilized at CATIE to generate a backcross population for cacao
genetic ...
10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «BACKCROSS»
Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term
backcross is used in the context of the following news items.
Species lines blur between two sparrows in New England's tidal …
Some closely related species interbreed where their ranges overlap, producing hybrid offspring that can even backcross with either parent ... «Phys.Org, Jun 15»
G13 (marijuana review)
He wants to backcross it to get the 15-year-old strain back to its glory days. It's showing a few “bananas” (or male parts) that produce pollen, ... «The Cannabist, Jun 15»
Sexual conflict maintains variation at an insecticide resistance locus
It is also important to note that the introgression of DDT-R into our experimental Canton-S flies involved a relatively small number of backcross ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jun 15»
Wiper (Or Other Hybrid) Spawn
That said, they have been documented to backcross at least minimally in some waters with either/both native parent strains. They have also ... «BassResource.com, Jun 15»
Non-destructive high-throughput DNA extraction and genotyping …
DNA samples extracted in the prescribed manner from 88 first-generation backcross (BC1F1) cotton seeds were placed into the first 11 columns of a 96-well ... «BioTechniques.com, May 15»
Genetic architecture of variation in heading date among Asian rice …
Results: To genetically dissect naturally occurring variation in rice heading date, we collected QTLs in advanced-backcross populations derived ... «7thSpace Interactive, May 15»
Researchers asking, Are lingering ash trees mutating to fend off borer?
“If a tree's offspring is promising, we will crossbreed with another resistant tree and use backcross methods with Chinese ash,” Hefflinger said. «Press Publications Inc., Apr 15»
Low-carb potato launched in South Africa
"It took us two years to refine. We employed the common technique of backcross breeding. In a nutshell, transgenic plants are crossed with elite ... «Health24, Apr 15»
Genetic architecture and genomic patterns of gene flow between …
In most hybrid populations, there were more individuals in the Engelmann-backcross classes (hybrid index 0.8–0.9) than in the white-backcross ... «Nature.com, Mar 15»
Conservatism and novelty in the genetic architecture of adaptation in …
Three RAD libraries were prepared from the backcross parents and 62 offspring of the largest broods of each type of cross, using the protocol ... «Nature.com, Mar 15»
