Amanita phalloides
Amanita phalloides /æməˈnaɪtə fəˈlɔɪdiːz/, commonly known as the
death cap, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus
Amanita. Widely distributed across Europe,
A. phalloides forms ectomycorrhizas with various broadleaved trees. In some cases, the death cap has been introduced to new regions with the cultivation of non-native species of oak, chestnut, and pine. The large fruiting bodies appear in summer and autumn; the caps are generally greenish in color, with a white stipe and gills. These toxic mushrooms resemble several edible species commonly consumed by humans, increasing the risk of accidental poisoning.
A. phalloides is one of the most poisonous of all known toadstools. It has been involved in the majority of human deaths from mushroom poisoning, possibly including the deaths of Roman Emperor Claudius in AD 54 and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in 1740. Pope Clement VII died in 1534 after eating this mushroom. It has been the subject of much research, and many of its biologically active agents have been isolated.