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reciprocity failure

Meaning of "reciprocity failure" in the English dictionary

DICTIONARY

PRONUNCIATION OF RECIPROCITY FAILURE

reciprocity failure


GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF RECIPROCITY FAILURE

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Reciprocity failure is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES RECIPROCITY FAILURE MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Reciprocity (photography)

In photography reciprocity is the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light-sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states that the film response will be determined by the total exposure, defined as intensity × time. Therefore, the same response can result from reducing duration and increasing light intensity, and vice versa. The reciprocal relationship is assumed in most sensitometry, for example when measuring a Hurter and Driffield curve for a photographic emulsion. Total exposure of the film or sensor, the product of focal-plane illuminance times exposure time, is measured in lux seconds.

Definition of reciprocity failure in the English dictionary

The definition of reciprocity failure in the dictionary is a failure of the two exposure variables, light intensity and exposure time, to behave in a reciprocal fashion at very high or very low values.

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE RECIPROCITY FAILURE

recipe · recipe book · recipience · recipient · reciprocal · reciprocality · reciprocally · reciprocant · reciprocate · reciprocating engine · reciprocation · reciprocative · reciprocator · reciprocatory · reciprocitities · reciprocity · recircle · recirculate · recirculation · recision

WORDS THAT END LIKE RECIPROCITY FAILURE

allure · alure · cannelure · chevelure · craquelure · crop failure · doublure · electrical failure · encolure · engine failure · failure · heart failure · kidney failure · lure · power failure · renal failure · respiratory failure · soilure · tubulure · velure

Synonyms and antonyms of reciprocity failure in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «reciprocity failure» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR

TRANSLATION OF RECIPROCITY FAILURE

Find out the translation of reciprocity failure to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

The translations of reciprocity failure from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «reciprocity failure» in English.
zh

Translator English - Chinese

倒易律失效
1,325 millions of speakers
es

Translator English - Spanish

fracaso reciprocidad
570 millions of speakers
en

English

reciprocity failure
510 millions of speakers
hi

Translator English - Hindi

पारस्परिकता विफलता
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

فشل المعاملة بالمثل
280 millions of speakers
ru

Translator English - Russian

невзаимозаместимости
278 millions of speakers
pt

Translator English - Portuguese

a falha de reciprocidade
270 millions of speakers
bn

Translator English - Bengali

পারস্পরিক ব্যর্থতা
260 millions of speakers
fr

Translator English - French

l´échec de la réciprocité
220 millions of speakers
ms

Translator English - Malay

Kegagalan timbal balas
190 millions of speakers
de

Translator English - German

Reziprozitätsversagen
180 millions of speakers
ja

Translator English - Japanese

相反則不軌
130 millions of speakers
ko

Translator English - Korean

상호 실패
85 millions of speakers
jv

Translator English - Javanese

Timbal balik gagal
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

có đi có lại thất bại
80 millions of speakers
ta

Translator English - Tamil

மறுபிரதி தோல்வி
75 millions of speakers
mr

Translator English - Marathi

परस्परविरोधी अपयश
75 millions of speakers
tr

Translator English - Turkish

Karşılıklılık arızası
70 millions of speakers
it

Translator English - Italian

fallimento di reciprocità
65 millions of speakers
pl

Translator English - Polish

awaria wzajemność
50 millions of speakers
uk

Translator English - Ukrainian

Невзаїмозаместімості
40 millions of speakers
ro

Translator English - Romanian

eșec reciprocitate
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

αποτυχία της αμοιβαιότητας
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

wederkerigheid mislukking
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

reciprocitet misslyckande
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

gjensidighet svikt
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of reciprocity failure

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «RECIPROCITY FAILURE»

Principal search tendencies and common uses of reciprocity failure
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «reciprocity failure».

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about reciprocity failure

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «RECIPROCITY FAILURE»

Discover the use of reciprocity failure in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to reciprocity failure and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Photography: The Concise Guide
This is called reciprocity failure and requires exposure corrections. When working at long exposure times, the camera must be stabilized to avoid image blurring. Low light photography is easier on digital cameras because you can see the ...
Bruce Warren, 2011
2
Photography
The reciprocity law tpages 31-32t may no longer apply. This is called reciprocity failure and requires exposure cortections. When working at long exposure times the camera must be stabilized to avoid image blurting. Exposures of 1 second or  ...
Bruce Warren, 2001
3
Silver-halide recording materials for holography and their ...
6.1.2 Reciprocity Failure For the Q-switched operation laser energy is released during that very short time producing very high output peak power. For a 10 J pulse (20 ns) the peak power is 500 MW. Such high power is certainly desirable ...
Hans I. Bjelkhagen, 1995
4
Astrophotography for the Amateur
Pushing does not affect reciprocity failure. Star fields tend to have a bluish background, and emission nebulae come out ruby-red. This film is, however, not as sensitive to blue reflection nebulae as the competing Fuji films. Elite Chrome 1 00 is ...
Michael A. Covington, 1999
5
Basic Photographic Materials and Processes
Reciprocity failure with some color materials can cause a change in color balance, as well as a loss in density. decreased, the exposure time increased, and the development remained the same. Noticeable reciprocity failure with printing ...
Leslie D. Stroebel, Richard D. Zakia, 2009
6
Basic Photographic Materials and Processes
Reciprocity failure with some color materials can cause a change in color balance, as well as a loss in density. decreased, the exposure time increased, and the development remained the same. Noticeable reciprocity failure with printing ...
Nanette L. Salvaggio, 2014
7
Ultra-Realistic Imaging: Advanced Techniques in Analogue and ...
However, short exposure times are associated with the problem of reciprocity failure or more precisely, the failure of the reciprocity law. In general, the exposure H of the photographic material is given by Equation 4.4. The reciprocity law was ...
Hans Bjelkhagen, David Brotherton-Ratcliffe, 2013
8
Night Photography: Finding Your Way in the Dark
To make matters worse, the rate of reciprocity failure accelerates as exposures get longer, necessitating still more exposure, which in turn reduces the film's sensitivity, which in turn requires more exposure. Worse still, reciprocity failure is not ...
Lance Keimig, 2012
9
Railway Photography
Another problem with reciprocity failure is many films experience a significant color shift with long exposures. Manufacturers provide data on reciprocity failure, indicating the amount of exposure increase required in different circumstances, ...
Brian Solomon, John E. Gruber, 2003
10
Popular Photography
Y fects and how do you deal with them? We'll answer both questions a bit later on . But first, let's find out what actually causes reciprocity failure. What causes reciprocity failure? The basic cause of reciprocity failure is that the rate at which light ...

3 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «RECIPROCITY FAILURE»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term reciprocity failure is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Five Tips on Getting Better Pinhole Photos
... important issue with regard to long exposure time and film, which is reciprocity failure. ... or just shoot fuji acros and don't worry about reciprocity failure at all. «The Phoblographer, Apr 15»
2
Ultra-Long-Exposure Photographs of Landscapes and Seascapes …
Perhaps the lengthy exposure is due to reciprocity failure. The blue tint to these images is also suggestive, since reciprocity failure is different for each color layer ... «PetaPixel, Feb 15»
3
Nikon Coolpix L810 Review
If everyone wanted to get involved with reciprocity failure or the circle of confusion, there would be no need for the L series of cameras from Nikon. L stands for ... «PhotographyBLOG, Aug 12»
REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Reciprocity failure [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/reciprocity-failure>. May 2024 ».
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