Aquavics
Aqua-bics is a Japanese English that combines aqua (water) and aerobics (aerobic exercise) and is underwater training excluding swimming. Underwater movement of Aquavics seems to be not severe exercise seemingly, but there are many constraints which are not on water resistance, buoyancy, water pressure, water temperature and land, and energy consumption is high even with a small exercise. Because it exercises in the water, it is less burdens on the body due to buoyancy, failure is less likely to occur, and momentum can be adjusted by using water resistance. Basic operations of Aqua Bikes include walking, jumping, squat, opening and closing of arms. The jump in the water reduces the burden on the shoulder, waist and knee compared to land on the order of one tenth. On land, various machines are used to apply the load, but in Aquavics the water itself is the load and the machine is unnecessary. ...