Ibn al-Haifam
Abu Ali Al Hassan Ibn Al Hassan Ibn Al Haitham is an Islamic scholar who has made a number of achievements in a wide range of areas including theology, physics, astronomy, mathematics, ophthalmology, philosophy, engineering, and scientific methods. In particular, he made the greatest contribution to the theory of optics. The book "Optics", a book on the study of optics and vision, was even translated into Latin and published in 1270. He opposed the existing theory of Euclides and Ptolemy, suggesting a new optical theory that we can see objects because light comes into our eyes from the object in fact. In addition, the theory of the eye, light refraction and refraction, lens, rainbow, and atmospheric refraction theories have been published, which have had a profound impact on optics and have become widespread in Europe. Because of his contribution to optics, Ibn al-Haifam is also called 'second Ptolemy' or 'physicist' in medieval Europe.