Pope
The pope, according to the "Pontifical Yearbook", is the bishop of Rome, the spiritual leader of the entire Catholic Church, and head of state in the Vatican City. It means the orthodox successor of St. Peter who was appointed as the first chief of the church from Jesus Christ in the Christian tradition and was given the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Since the foundation of Christianity, a total of 266 Pope have reigned for 2,000 years to date, and the Pope is now the 266th Pope Francis. The position of the pope is called the pontificate, and the secular realm ruled by the pope is called the 'constellation' or 'apostolic'. The pontificate is one of the oldest positions in the world and one of the most important elements in world history. The early popes focused on spreading the Christian faith and solving various doctrinal controversies. In the Middle Ages, he intervened not only in religious matters but also in secular issues in Western Europe, often intervening in various conflicts among Christian monarchs and acting as mediators.