"tokenism"辞典での英語の意味

英語でTOKENISMの発音

tokenism  [ˈtəʊkəˌnɪzəm]

英語でTOKENISMはどんな意味ですか？

トークニズム

Tokenism

トークン主義は、少数派のメンバーを含めることに向けて、慎重な姿勢をとる方針または実践である。 このトークンの努力は、包括性の外観を作り、差別の告発を逸らすことを意図しています。 代表的な例としては、主に白人職業に非白人を、あるいは伝統的に男性職業に女性を故意に雇用することが挙げられます。 古典的には、トークンキャラクタは他のキャラクタに比べていくらか容量が少なく、不自然な性格の常設犯罪であると非難されないように、穏やかで不快な性格を持つかもしれない。 あるいは、その差異を強調しすぎたり、「エキゾチック」で魅力的なものにすることもできます。 アメリカでは、1950年代後半には、実践とコンセプトが人気文化の一部となりました。 マーティン・ルーサー・キングは、1963年の彼の著書「なぜ私たちは待てないのか？ 同じ年、Malcolm Xはインタビュアーに「何が得られましたか？あなたが得たのはトークンシズムです.1人または2人の黒人が職場や弁当カウンターにいるので残りの人は静かになります。

Tokenism is the policy or practice of making a perfunctory gesture toward the inclusion of members of minority groups. This token effort is usually intended to create an appearance of inclusiveness and deflect accusations of discrimination. Typical examples include purposely hiring a non-white person in a mainly white occupation or a woman in a traditionally male occupation. Classically, token characters have some reduced capacity compared to the other characters and may have bland or inoffensive personalities so as to not be accused of stereotyping negative traits. Alternatively, their differences may be overemphasized or made "exotic" and glamorous. In America, the practice and concept became part of the popular culture in the late 1950s. Martin Luther King discussed the subject in 1963 in his book Why We Can't Wait; in the same year, Malcolm X told an interviewer "What gains? All you have gotten is tokenism–one or two Negroes in a job or at a lunch counter so the rest of you will be quiet.

英語辞典でのtokenismの定義

辞書のトークン主義の定義は、法律を遵守するために、トークンの努力のみを行うか、最小限のものを超えて行うことです。

TOKENISMの翻訳

当社の英語多言語翻訳者が翻訳した25ヵ国語のtokenismを探してみましょう。

自動統計翻訳によって、このセクションで示されている英語から他の言語へのtokenismの翻訳を訳しました。この場合は、必須の翻訳単位は英語で«tokenism»という単語です。

• 英語翻訳家 - 中国語: 装点门面
• 英語翻訳家 - スペイン語: formulismo
• 英語: tokenism
• 英語翻訳家 - ヒンディー語: वैसे भी दिखावटी प्रयासों
• 英語翻訳家 - アラビア語: الرمزي
• 英語翻訳家 - ロシア語: символический характер
• 英語翻訳家 - ポルトガル語: tokenism
• 英語翻訳家 - ベンガル語: tokenism
• 英語翻訳家 - フランス語: symbolique
• 英語翻訳家 - マレー語: Tokenisme
• 英語翻訳家 - ドイツ語: Alibi
• 英語翻訳家 - 日本語: 形だけの平等主義
• 英語翻訳家 - 韓国語: 명목
• 英語翻訳家 - ジャワ語: Tokenism
• 英語翻訳家 - ベトナム語: tokenism
• 英語翻訳家 - タミル語: பெயரளவு செயல்கள்
• 英語翻訳家 - マラーティー語: टोकनवाद
• 英語翻訳家 - トルコ語: sembolikliği
• 英語翻訳家 - イタリア語: tokenism
• 英語翻訳家 - ポーランド語: pozornych i symbolicznych
• 英語翻訳家 - ウクライナ語: символічний характер
• 英語翻訳家 - ルーマニア語: tokenismul
• 英語翻訳家 - ギリシャ語: ενδεχόμενες παρεκκλίσεις
• 英語翻訳家 - アフリカーンス語: skyngebaarpraktyk
• 英語翻訳家 - スウェーデン語: tokenism
• 英語翻訳家 - ノルウェー語: tokenism

«TOKENISM»に関連する英語の本

以下の図書目録からtokenismの使いかたを見つけましょう。tokenismに関する本と英語文献で使われた文脈を提供するための簡単な抜粋文。

Children's Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship

The degree to which children should have a voice in anything is the subject of strongly divergent opinion.

Roger A. Hart, 1992

Beyond tokenism: parents as partners in literacy

Beyond Tokenism offers parents, teachers, and school administrators challenges, ideas, and directions for building positive parent partnerships in literacy education.

Trevor Cairney, Lynne Munsie, 1995

Handbook of Racial and Ethnic Minority Psychology

The. Psychology. of. Tokenism. Psychosocial. Realities. of. Faculty. of. Color. REFERENCES Alexander-Snow, M., & Johnson, B. J. (1999). Perspectives from. CHAPTER. 4. YOLANDA. FLORES. NIEMANN. Washington State University ...

Guillermo Bernal, 2003

Women@work No. 2: Women on Boards, Moving Beyond Tokenism

Companies need to make moving beyond tokenism a strategic objective. Some will argue that it is hard to find the right women with the required experience and competencies. This argument seems increasingly less valid as women gain more  ...

Véronique Bourez, 2005

Dictionary of Race and Ethnic Relations

What tokenism suggests is that the presence of individual blacks who may be prominent, or in prominent positions, in white institutional settings does not necessarily indicate that: a) such individuals perform significant or influential roles ...

Ernest Cashmore, 1996

Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Workplace: Legal, ...

.10. Tokenism. Theory: What. Happens. When. Few. Women. Work. with. Many. Men. Mary B. Hogue and Janice D. Yoder The world of work is changing. More women than ever before have entered the workforce, and increasing numbers of  ...

Margaret Foegen Karsten, 2006

Feminist Research: Prospect and Retrospect

LORRAINE CODE Tokenism It is argued here tltat tokenism is negatively evaluated by feminists be- cause ol its persistent association with individualistic conceptions of sub- jectivity. As long as token women are expected to merge into existing ...

Peta Tancred-Sheriff, 1988

The Psychology of Legitimacy: Emerging Perspectives on ...

However, more recent experiments, including the one just described (Wright & Taylor, 1998, Experiment 1), demonstrate that using "real" categories as the target of tokenism does not change the general preference for individual action.

John T. Jost, Brenda Major, 2001

Women in Public and Private Law Enforcement

Wertsch (1998) also examined tokenism as a barrier to advancement in policing through interviews with women in a medium-sized Pacific Northwest city. This work was an exploratory study of 16 women in the police organization that was ...

Kathryn E. Scarborough, Pamela Ann Collins, 2002

Race and Racism: Canada's Challenge

If, indeed, advantaged group members engage in tokenism with the express purpose of discriminating against members of a disadvantaged group, then their strategy appears to be highly effective. Permitting a small token number of members ...

Leo Driedger, Shiva Halli, 2000

用語«TOKENISM»を含むニュース項目

国内外の報道機関が語った内容や、次のニュース項目の文脈からtokenismという用語がどのように使われているかを調べてみましょう。

RSS organ slams 'secular brigade' for iftar 'tokenism'

The editorial titled "The 'Secular' Tokenism" in the 'Organiser', said such rituals held in the name of secularism were "ridiculous" and the "tokenism" involved ... «Times of India, 7月 15»

Feast without fasting, or the politics of tokenism

So, tokenism is the poor imitation of the authentic rituals. Rituals need to be enacted in the right way and not over-politicized,” Shiv Vishwanathan, a social ... «Livemint, 7月 15»

Football needs more black managers but this Rooney Rule tokenism …

A manager I once knew referred 15 years ago to a player as a 'typical lazy black'. More recently a manager from the Barclays Premier League claimed in my ... «Daily Mail, 6月 15»

SBI, HDFC rate war is tokenism; customers unlikely to benefit hugely

1) It is all tokenism: One only needs to look at the details in the SBI press release to understand why this is a tokenism. SBI has said rate for women borrowers ... «Firstpost, 4月 15»

Boardroom tokenism skirts the need for female skills

The most powerful posts in the financial world are held by women. Janet Yellen chairs the US Federal Reserve, and Christine Lagarde is managing director of ... «Financial Times, 3月 15»

UKIP youth leader attacks 'tokenism' in other parties

... has hit out at 'tokenism'. The leader of UKIP's youth wing has hit out at “tokenism” – after the head of his party's LGBT group quit. The chair of LGBTQ* in UKIP, ... «PinkNews, 2月 15»

Traveller TV: we deserve more than tokenism

Please, can we move on from platitudes of tokenism? As with other State bodies, the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland falls short of appreciating the experience ... «Irish Times, 2月 15»

The Baftas don't even bother with tokenism any more

The Baftas' lack of ethnic minorities and working-class people used at least to play on the organisers' conscience. Now they've taken a step back from that. «The Guardian, 2月 15»

George North match assessment 'tokenism', says Dr Barry O'Driscoll

But Dr O'Driscoll said: "The five to 10 minute assessment he [North] had is meaningless, it's tokenism. "The actual regulations at this level say that if you suspect ... «BBC News, 2月 15»

Women Need to Get Fair Deal, Tokenism Aside

A striking feature of this year's Republic Day parade and US president Barack Obama's three-day visit was the display of woman power. The Guard of Honour ... «The New Indian Express, 1月 15»