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Maksud "viroid" dalam kamus Corsica

Kamus
KAMUS
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ETIMOLOGI PERKATAAN VIROID

From vir(us) + -oid.
info
Etimologi adalah kajian asal perkataan dan perubahan struktur dan makna mereka.
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SEBUTAN VIROID DALAM CORSICA

viroid  [ˈvaɪrɔɪd] play
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KATEGORI TATABAHASA VIROID

kata nama
adjektif
kata kerja
kata sifat kerja
kata ganti nama
kata depan
konjungsi
penentu
seru

APAKAH MAKSUD VIROID dalam CORSICA?

Klik untuk melihat definisi asal «viroid» dalam kamus Corsica.
Klik untuk melihat terjemahan automatik definisi dalam Melayu.

Viroid

Viroid

Viroid adalah patogen tumbuhan yang terdiri daripada RNA yang sangat pelengkap, pekeliling, tunggal terkandas. Sebagai perbandingan, genom virus yang paling kecil yang diketahui mampu menyebabkan jangkitan dengan sendirinya adalah sekitar 2 kilobases dalam saiz. Virus Hepatitis D manusia adalah serupa dengan viroid. Genom Viroid sangat kecil dalam saiz, antara 246 hingga 467 nukleotida, dan terdiri daripada kurang daripada 10,000 atom. Viroid ditemui dan dinamakan oleh Theodor Otto Diener, ahli patologi tumbuhan di Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian di Maryland, pada tahun 1971. Viroid RNA tidak mengandungi sebarang kod protein. Mekanisme replikasi mereka menggunakan RNA polimerase II, enzim sel tuan rumah yang biasanya dikaitkan dengan sintesis RNA utusan dari DNA, yang bukannya mengkatalisis "lingkaran bergulir" sintesis RNA baru menggunakan RNA viroid sebagai templat. Sesetengah viroid adalah ribozim, yang mempunyai sifat pemangkin yang membenarkan pembelahan diri dan ligation genom saiz unit daripada perantaraan replikasi yang lebih besar. Viroid yang pertama dikenalpasti ialah viroid kentang spindle spindle. Sebanyak 33 spesies telah dikenalpasti. Viroids are plant pathogens that consist of a short stretch of highly complementary, circular, single-stranded RNA. In comparison, the genome of the smallest known viruses capable of causing an infection by themselves are around 2 kilobases in size. The human pathogen Hepatitis D Virus is similar to viroids. Viroid genomes are extremely small in size, ranging from 246 to 467 nucleotides, and consisting of fewer than 10,000 atoms. Viroids were discovered and named by Theodor Otto Diener, a plant pathologist at the Agricultural Research Service in Maryland, in 1971. Viroid RNA does not code for any protein. Their replication mechanism uses RNA polymerase II, a host cell enzyme normally associated with synthesis of messenger RNA from DNA, which instead catalyzes "rolling circle" synthesis of new RNA using the viroid's RNA as template. Some viroids are ribozymes, having catalytic properties which allow self-cleavage and ligation of unit-size genomes from larger replication intermediates. The first viroid to be identified was Potato spindle tuber viroid. Some 33 species have been identified.

Definisi viroid dalam kamus Corsica

Takrif viroid dalam kamus adalah mana-mana pelbagai zarah RNA infektif, lebih kecil daripada virus dan diketahui menyebabkan beberapa penyakit tumbuhan.

The definition of viroid in the dictionary is any of various infective RNA particles, smaller than a virus and known to cause some plant diseases.

Klik untuk melihat definisi asal «viroid» dalam kamus Corsica.
Klik untuk melihat terjemahan automatik definisi dalam Melayu.

CORSICA PERKATAAN YANG BERIMA DENGAN VIROID


android
ˈændrɔɪd
antithyroid
ˌæntɪˈθaɪrɔɪd
asteroid
ˈæstəˌrɔɪd
centroid
ˈsɛntrɔɪd
chancroid
ˈʃæŋkrɔɪd
corticosteroid
ˌkɔːtɪkəʊˈstɪərɔɪd
erythroid
ɪˈrɪθrɔɪd
euthyroid
juːˈθaɪrɔɪd
Freud
frɔɪd
hyperthyroid
ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪrɔɪd
hypothyroid
ˌhaɪpəʊˈθaɪrɔɪd
meteoroid
ˈmiːtɪəˌrɔɪd
Negroid
ˈniːɡrɔɪd
parathyroid
ˌpærəˈθaɪrɔɪd
Polaroid
ˈpəʊləˌrɔɪd
pyrethroid
paɪˈriːθrɔɪd
scirrhoid
ˈsɪrɔɪd
spiroid
ˈspaɪrɔɪd
steroid
ˈstɪərɔɪd
thyroid
ˈθaɪrɔɪd

CORSICA PERKATAAN YANG BERMULA SEPERTI VIROID

virilescent
virilisation
virilism
virility
virilization
virilize
virilocal
virino
virion
virogene
virologic
virological
virologically
virologist
virology
virose
virosis
virtu
virtual
virtual human

CORSICA PERKATAAN YANG BERAKHIR SEPERTI VIROID

ambroid
anabolic steroid
aneroid
aroid
choroid
dendroid
fibroid
hydroid
near-earth asteroid
nonsteroid
saccharoid
sang-froid
sciuroid
scombroid
sparoid
spheroid
tapiroid
toroid
tuberoid
zebroid

Sinonim dan antonim viroid dalam kamus sinonim Corsica

SINONIM

Terjemahan «viroid» ke dalam 25 bahasa

PENTERJEMAH
online translator

TERJEMAHAN VIROID

Cari terjemahan viroid kepada 25 bahasa dengan penterjemah Corsica pelbagai bahasa kami.
Terjemahan viroid dari Corsica ke bahasa lain yang dibentangkan dalam bahagian ini telah diperolehi menerusi terjemahan statistik automatik; di mana unit terjemahan penting adalah perkataan «viroid» dalam Corsica.

Penterjemah Corsica - Cina

类病毒
1,325 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Czech

viroide
570 juta pentutur

Corsica

viroid
510 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Hindi

viroid
380 juta pentutur
ar

Penterjemah Corsica - Amhara

فيروسي الشكل
280 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Rusia

вироид
278 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Punjabi

viroid
270 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Basque

viroid
260 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Frisia

viroid
220 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Melayu

Viroid
190 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Chichewa

viroid
180 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Jepun

ウイロイド
130 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Kreol Haiti

로이드
85 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Jerman

Viroid
85 juta pentutur
vi

Penterjemah Corsica - Vietnam

viroid
80 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Tagalog

viroid
75 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Marathi

व्हायरॉइड
75 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Turki

viroidi
70 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Itali

viroide
65 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Poland

wiroid
50 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Ukraine

віроіди
40 juta pentutur

Penterjemah Corsica - Romania

viroid
30 juta pentutur
el

Penterjemah Corsica - Cina

ιοειδές
15 juta pentutur
af

Penterjemah Corsica - Afrikaans

Viroid
14 juta pentutur
sv

Penterjemah Corsica - Swahili

viroid
10 juta pentutur
no

Penterjemah Corsica - Parsi

viroid
5 juta pentutur

Aliran kegunaan viroid

ALIRAN

KECENDERUNGAN PENGGUNAAN TERMA «VIROID»

0
100%
KEKERAPAN
Kerap digunakan
52
/100
Peta yang ditunjukkan di atas memberikan kekerapan penggunaan terma «viroid» dalam negara berbeza.
Kecenderungan carian utama dan penggunaan umum viroid
Senarai carian utama yang dibuat oleh pengguna untuk mengakses kamus Corsica dalam talian kami dan ungkapan yang paling banyak digunakan dengan perkataan «viroid».

KECENDERUNGAN PENGGUNAAN TERMA «VIROID» DARI MASA KE MASA

Grafik menyatakan evolusi tahunan kekerapan penggunaan perkataan «viroid» selama 500 tahun yang lalu. Pelaksanaannya adlah berdasarkan kepada menganalisa kekerapan istilah «viroid» muncul dalam sumber bercetak digital dalam Corsica antara tahun 1500 dan hari ini.

Contoh penggunaan dalam kesusasteraan Corsica, petikan dan berita mengenai viroid

CONTOH

CORSICA BUKU YANG BERKAIT DENGAN «VIROID»

Ketahui penggunaan viroid dalam pilihan bibliografi berikut. Buku yang berkait dengan viroid dan ekstrak ringkas dari yang sama untuk menyediakan konteks penggunaannya dalam kesusasteraan Corsica.
1
Viroid Life: Perspectives on Nietzsche and the Transhuman ...
A bold and thought-provoking look at the future of the human, Viroid Life is essential reading for anyone interested in continental philosophy, cultural studies and social theory.
Keith Ansell Pearson, 2012
2
Microbial Plant Pathogens-Detection and Disease Diagnosis:: ...
Inclusion of numerous protocols in appropriate chapters as appendix is a unique feature of this volume.
P. Narayanasamy, 2010
3
Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics: Volume 1: ...
(9) Movement Limited information is available about the pathways and mechanism of viroid movement inside the host plant. The viroids after entering in a potential host cell, it has to move to either the nucleus (Pospiviroidae) or chloroplast ...
K. Subramanya Sastry, 2013
4
Viroids
This work presents information on viroids and viroid diseases. It provides a single source of information on the properties of viroids, the economic impact of viroid diseases and methods for their detection and control.
A. Hadidi, 2003
5
Viroids and Satellites: Molecular Parasites at the Frontier ...
Viroid replication occurs via RNA intermediates of opposite polarity and does not involve DNA. In sharp contrast to viral RNAs, viroids do not function as mRNAs, hence viroids must be replicated by pre-existing host enzymes. The presence of ...
Karl Maramorosch, 1991
6
Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee ...
genus APsCAviroid Type species Apple scar skin viroid Distinguishing features Circular ssRNAs between 306 and 369 nt depending on species and sequence variants. The most stable secondary structure is a rod-like or quasi-rod-like ...
Andrew MQ King, Elliot Lefkowitz, Michael J. Adams, 2011
7
Plant Virology
(2012). 2. Cytopathic Effects Various effects of viroid infection on cellular structures have been reported. For example, in some infections by members of the Pospiviroidae changes have been observed in membranous structures called  ...
Roger Hull, 2013
8
Diseases of Horticultural Crops: Fruits
25. Viroid. Diseases. of. Fruits. P. RAMACHANDRAN 1. INTRODUCTION Viroids are the smallest plant pathogens known to date. They consist of unencapsidated, circular, single-stranded RNA of 240 to 375 bases (Diener, 1971). Since their ...
‎1999
9
Principles of Molecular Virology
Virusoids are satellite, viroid-like molecules, a bit larger than viroids ( approximately 1000 nucleotides), which are dependent on the presence of virus replication for their multiplication (the reason they are called satellites). They are packaged ...
Alan J. Cann, 2011
10
RNA
Viroid-group Viroid-subgroup Viroid Abbreviation Length (nucleotides) A. ASBV- group ASBV-subgroup Avocado sunblotch viroid ASBV 246-250 Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid CChMV 398-399 Peach latent mosaic viroid PLMV 337 B.
D. Söll, S. Nishimura, P. Moore, 2001

BARANGAN BERITA YANG TERMASUK TERMA «VIROID»

Ketahui apa yang diterbitkan oleh akhbar nasional dan antarabangsa dan cara istilah viroid digunakan dalam konteks perkara berita berikut.
1
Costa Rica bans Mexican, Guatemalan avocados
Costa Rica has banned imports of avocados from Mexico, Guatemala and other countries over sunblotch viroid concerns. The measure is temporary, according ... «The Packer, Jul 15»
2
More Food Safety Issues Popping Up on WTO Committee Agenda
Costa Rica's measure to temporarily suspend import certificates for avocados because of the avocado tree disease called sunblotch viroid raised concerns from ... «Food Safety News, Jul 15»
3
Resistance test to Hop Stunt Viroid on 26 apricot varieties
The apricot species is susceptible to infection by different viruses and viroids including the HSVd, widely distributed around the world and described as the ... «FreshPlaza, Jul 15»
4
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión de importaciones Costa Rica busca evitar la entrada de la plaga "avocado sunblotch viroid". «elDinero, Jun 15»
5
"Costa Rica Sunblotch free, Mexico reported it 2010"
Among other ways, seeds can transmit the viroid. However, there are fruits that present symptoms and others that don't. The fruits with symptoms are not sold, ... «FreshPlaza, Jun 15»
6
Stuart Newman: The Virosphere And Non-Linear Evolution
Suzan Mazur: But many scientists are saying we can no longer ignore the virosphere, which is ubiquitous. Some say that a viroid-like entity may have been the ... «Scoop.co.nz, Mei 15»
7
Workshop to help South Australian growers prepare for potato pests
“Potato spindle tuber viroid has recently been declared endemic in Australia and Dr Lye will be able to update the industry on the latest developments and ... «PotatoPro, Mei 15»
8
Supply of avocados beginning to dwindle after Costa Rica imposes …
... countries as well as the U.S. state of Florida due to the presence of a virus known as Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBV) affecting the fruit in those countries. «Inside Costa Rica, Mei 15»
9
Avocado prices to soar in Costa Rica
... Avocado Sunblotch Viroid, also called “sunblotch.” Included in this affliction is the Haas avocado, which is the most popular avocado in the world, according to ... «FreshPlaza, Mei 15»
10
The "First Replicon" on Earth? A Chat With Virologist Ricardo Flores
Flores thinks viruses may be "the most important faction of the [planet's] biomass" and that a viroid-like entity is a prime candidate for the first replicon on Earth. «Huffington Post, Mei 15»

RUJUKAN
« EDUCALINGO. Viroid [dalam talian]. <https://educalingo.com/ms/dic-en/viroid> Tersedia. Mei 2024 ».
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