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1
Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants
FOSSIL GNETOPHYTE POLLEN The fossil record of the gnetophytes is limited
based on megafossils; however, there have been numerous polyplicate (or
ephedroid) pollen grains reported for this group. The earliest putative gnetophyte
...
Edith L. Taylor, Thomas N. Taylor, Michael Krings, 2009
2
The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World
Cladogram demonstrating relationships between gnetophyte higher taxa.
crossveinsaredeveloped betweenmore or lessflabellate toparallelveins of thefirst
order, resulting in an almost reticulate pattern. Male strobili seem to be terminal, ...
David M. Martill, Günter Bechly, Robert F. Loveridge, 2007
3
Biology: Concepts and Applications
Native Americans brewed tea using one species common in semiarid regions of
the American West. Some Eurasian Ephedra species produce ephedrine, a
stimulant similar to amphetamines. Another gnetophyte, Welwitschia, grows only
in ...
Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr, 2014
4
Gymnosperm (naked seeds plant) : structure and development
(xvi) Fossil Gnetophyte Record-Triassic/Jurassic O Gnetophyte (ephedroid)
pollen of extent Ephedra and Welwitschia is known from the Triassic and, to a
lesser extent, from the Jurassic. n 1 macrofossils are found associated with
ephedroid ...
5
Angiosperm Origins: Morphological and Ecological Aspects
Yet in the third extant gnetophyte genus Ephedra, the archegonia are
morphologically distinct, joined in the archegonial complexes and are
conceivably on their way to fusion into a multinuclear structure. Characteristically,
in angiosperms the ...
Valentin A. Krassilov, 1997
6
Functional Biology of Plants
The living fossil gnetophyte, Welwitschia mirabilis (see Chapter 1, section 1.6), is
another CAM plant and has a large taproot (Figure 10.9). It is confined to the
Namib and Mossamedes deserts of southwestern Africa, where most of its
moisture ...
Martin J. Hodson, John A. Bryant, 2012
... hypotheses, which differ in the position of gnetophytes, have emerged as the
main competitors (15, 17–19). In one, gnetophytes are the closest relatives of a
group containing all other living spermatophytes (“gnetophyte-sister” hypothesis).
S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, 2009
8
Laboratory Manual for Non-Majors Biology
“Double fertilization” (pages 330 and 343), a feature thought to be unique to the
flowering plants, has been reported in one gnetophyte species. And the water-
conducting xylem tissue contains vessels in all species. Consequently, many ...
James Perry, David Morton, Joy B. Perry, 2012
9
Atlas of Woody Plant Stems: Evolution, Structure, and ...
200 μm 1.51 Old Welwitschia mirabilis in the Namib Desert, Swakop river,
Namibia. Welwitschia has male and female plants; this one is female (photo:
Poschlod). 1.50 The Gnetophyte Welwitschia mirabilis with two above-ground
leaves and a ...
Fritz Hans Schweingruber, Annett Börner, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, 2007
10
Ancient Life of the Great Lakes Basin: Precambrian to ...
Gnetophytes are land plants of warm regions and occur on sandy or rocky soil.
The oddest gnetophyte is Welwitschia of southwestern. Fig. 21. Gymnosperms. A,
cycad plant; 8, ginkgo stem and leaves; C, Welwitschia, a living gnetophyte; D, ...
