Znaczenie słowa "lignified" w słowniku

WYMOWA SŁOWA LIGNIFIED

lignified  [ˈlɪɡnɪˌfaɪd]

CO OZNACZA SŁOWO LIGNIFIED

Lignina

Lignin

Lignina lub lignen to złożony polimer aromatycznych alkoholi znany jako monolignole. Najczęściej pochodzi z drewna i jest integralną częścią wtórnych ścian komórkowych roślin i niektórych glonów. Lignin po raz pierwszy wspomniał w 1813 roku przez szwajcarskiego botanisty A. P. Candolla, który określił go jako materiał włóknisty, bez smaku, nierozpuszczalny w wodzie i alkoholu, ale rozpuszczalny w słabych roztworach alkalicznych i który może być wytrącony z roztworu przy użyciu kwasu. Nazwał substancję "ligninę", która pochodzi od łacińskiego słowa lignum, co oznacza drewno. Jest to jeden z najbardziej obficie polimerów organicznych na Ziemi, przekroczony tylko celulozą. Lignina stanowi 30% niekopalnego węgla organicznego i jedna czwarta do jednej trzeciej suchej masy drewna. Skład ligniny różni się w zależności od gatunku. Przykładem kompozycji z próbki osiki jest 63,4% węgla, 5,9% wodoru, 0,7% popiołu i 30% tlenu, co odpowiada w przybliżeniu wzorowi n. Jako biopolimer, lignina jest niezwykła ze względu na niejednorodność i brak określonej struktury pierwotnej. Najczęściej zaznaczoną funkcją jest wsparcie poprzez wzmocnienie drewna na drzewach.

Lignin or lignen is a complex polymer of aromatic alcohols known as monolignols. It is most commonly derived from wood, and is an integral part of the secondary cell walls of plants and some algae. Lignin was first mentioned in 1813 by the Swiss botanist A. P. de Candolle, who described it as a fibrous, tasteless material, insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in weak alkaline solutions, and which can be precipitated from solution using acid. He named the substance “lignine”, which is derived from the Latin word lignum, meaning wood. It is one of the most abundant organic polymers on Earth, exceeded only by cellulose. Lignin constitutes 30% of non-fossil organic carbon and a quarter to a third of the dry mass of wood. The composition of lignin varies from species to species. An example of composition from an aspen sample is 63.4% carbon, 5.9% hydrogen, 0.7% ash, and 30% oxygen, corresponding approximately to the formula n. As a biopolymer, lignin is unusual because of its heterogeneity and lack of a defined primary structure. Its most commonly noted function is the support through strengthening of wood in trees.

KONIUGACJA CZASOWNIKA LIGNIFIED

PRESENT

Present

I lignify

you lignify

he/she/it lignifies

we lignify

you lignify

they lignify

Present continuous

I am lignifying

you are lignifying

he/she/it is lignifying

we are lignifying

you are lignifying

they are lignifying

Present perfect

I have lignified

you have lignified

he/she/it has lignified

we have lignified

you have lignified

they have lignified

Present perfect continuous

I have been lignifying

you have been lignifying

he/she/it has been lignifying

we have been lignifying

you have been lignifying

they have been lignifying

PAST

Past

I lignified

you lignified

he/she/it lignified

we lignified

you lignified

they lignified

Past continuous

I was lignifying

you were lignifying

he/she/it was lignifying

we were lignifying

you were lignifying

they were lignifying

Past perfect

I had lignified

you had lignified

he/she/it had lignified

we had lignified

you had lignified

they had lignified

Past perfect continuous

I had been lignifying

you had been lignifying

he/she/it had been lignifying

we had been lignifying

you had been lignifying

they had been lignifying

FUTURE

Future

I will lignify

you will lignify

he/she/it will lignify

we will lignify

you will lignify

they will lignify

Future continuous

I will be lignifying

you will be lignifying

he/she/it will be lignifying

we will be lignifying

you will be lignifying

they will be lignifying

Future perfect

I will have lignified

you will have lignified

he/she/it will have lignified

we will have lignified

you will have lignified

they will have lignified

Future perfect continuous

I will have been lignifying

you will have been lignifying

he/she/it will have been lignifying

we will have been lignifying

you will have been lignifying

they will have been lignifying

CONDITIONAL

Conditional

I would lignified

you would lignified

he/she/it would lignified

we would lignified

you would lignified

they would lignified

Conditional continuous

I would be lignifying

you would be lignifying

he/she/it would be lignifying

we would be lignifying

you would be lignifying

they would be lignifying

Conditional perfect

I would have lignified

you would have lignified

he/she/it would have lignified

we would have lignified

you would have lignified

they would have lignified

Conditional perfect continuous

I would have been lignifying

you would have been lignifying

he/she/it would have been lignifying

we would have been lignifying

you would have been lignifying

they would have been lignifying

IMPERATIVE

Imperative

you lignify
we let´s lignify
you lignify

NONFINITE VERB FORMS

Infinitive

to lignify

Past participle

lignified

Present Participle

lignifying

TŁUMACZENIE SŁOWA LIGNIFIED

Poznaj tłumaczenie słowa lignified na 25 języków dzięki naszemu tłumaczowi wielojęzycznemu.

Tłumaczenie słowa lignified na inne języki w tej sekcji zostało uzyskane za pomocą automatycznego tłumaczenia statystycznego, gdzie podstawową jednostką tłumaczeniową jest słowo «lignified».

• Tłumacz angielski - chiński: 木质化
• Tłumacz angielski - hiszpański: lignificada
• angielski: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - hindi: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - arabski: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - rosyjski: одревесневшие
• Tłumacz angielski - portugalski: lignificado
• Tłumacz angielski - bengalski: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - francuski: lignifiée
• Tłumacz angielski - malajski: Lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - niemiecki: verholzten
• Tłumacz angielski - japoński: 木化
• Tłumacz angielski - koreański: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - jawajski: Lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - wietnamski: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - tamilski: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - marathi: Lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - turecki: Odunlaşmış
• Tłumacz angielski - włoski: lignificato
• Tłumacz angielski - polski: zdrewniałe
• Tłumacz angielski - ukraiński: одревесневшие
• Tłumacz angielski - rumuński: lignificat
• Tłumacz angielski - grecki: ξυλωδών
• Tłumacz angielski - afrikaans: lignified
• Tłumacz angielski - szwedzki: förvedade
• Tłumacz angielski - norweski: lignified

KSIĄŻKI POWIĄZANE ZE SŁOWEM «LIGNIFIED»

Poznaj użycie słowa lignified w następujących pozycjach bibliograficznych Książki powiązane ze słowem lignified oraz krótkie ich fragmenty w celu przedstawienia kontekstu użycia w literaturze.

Sweet Potato Post-Harvest Assessment: Experiences from East ...

Table 6.4 The number of lignified cell layers following artificial wounding and healing in roots of five cultivars of sweetpotato Roots were obtained from Trial 1 after 1 and 4 weeks of storage. Measurements were taken for five wounds per ...

Debbie Rees, Regina Kapinga, Van Quirien Oirschot, 2003

The Seeds of Dicotyledons

Testa 12-15 cc^s thick, 4-5 at the exostome, pulpy with aerenchymatous mesophyll; o.e. composed of cuboid cells with thick lignified brown walls, closely and finely pitted; i.e. unspecialized. Tegmen c. 6 cells thick; o.e. as a short palisade of ...

Edred John Henry Corner, 1976

Advanced Biology

lignified wall perforations in end wall lumen bordered pits bordered pit in section large single perforation in end of vessel cell Figure 15.9 Diagram showing the detailed structure of vessels. Each vessel is a long tube with a lignified wall.

Michael Roberts, Michael Jonathan Reiss, Grace Monger, 2000

Plant Diversity and Evolution: Genotypic and Phenotypic ...

Lignified secondary walls of pteridophytes Polysaccharides There is no published information on the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of wall preparations solely obtained from cells with lignified secondary walls. However, galacto- ...

Robert J. Henry, 2005

Fossil Plants and Spores: Modern Techniques

18. Lignified and charcoalified fossil wood ISABEL FIGUEIRAL Figueiral, I. 1999. Lignified and charcoalified fossil wood. In: Jones. T. P. & Rowe, N. P. (eds) Fossil Plants and Spores: modern techniques. Geological Society, London. 92-96.

Tim P. Jones, Nick P. Rowe, 1999

Carbohydrates in Food, Second Edition

The outer tangential walls of epidermis cells become thickened, lignified, and completely covered with a cuticle and waxy layer. Mesophyll contains thin-walled , chlorenchy- matous cells and constitutes the main volume of tissue in all leaves  ...

Ann-Charlotte Eliasson, 2006

Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology Coursebook ...

Draw in outline the lignified tissues sclerenchyma and xylem, and the tissue labelled C between them. [2] iii Sclerenchyma and xylem are tissues which contain dead cells whose walls are thickened with a mechanically strong substance called ...

Mary Jones, Richard Fosbery, Jennifer Gregory, 2014

The Evolution of Plant Physiology

In this case study we briefly report some recent results from studies on Equisetum L. where mechanical support is provided from non-lignified fibre cells. Equisetum hyemale L., is a herbaceous, clonal plant with a hollow stem, nodal structure ...

Alan R. Hemsley, Imogen Poole, 2004

Medicinal Plants

Non-lignified or lignified hypodermal and pericyclic fibres, which have thick walls, bear slit-like pits and blunt, slightly tapering, occasionally forked ends. The vessels of the secondary xylem of the stem are lignified with bordered pits, having ...

Manisha Tiwari, Vibha Tandon, 2004

ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH APL

In our previous volume Gross considered the biochemistry of lignification; it is a logical extension of his review to enquire concerning the control of the elaborate patterns which are observed in the disposition of lignified and other vascular ...

H. W. Woolhouse, 1981

WIADOMOŚCI, KTÓRE ZAWIERAJĄ SŁOWO «LIGNIFIED»

Sprawdź, o czym dyskutuje się w prasie krajowej i zagranicznej oraz jak jest stosowane słowo lignified w wiadomościach.

Latest report on lignin world market shares comprehensive analysis …

Free Analysis Lignin is an organic substance binding the cells, fibres and vessels which constitute wood and the lignified elements of plants, ... «WhaTech, Lip 15»

Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat extensin (LRX) proteins modify cell …

To quantify this observation, the thickness of the interfascicular lignified ring was measured and compared to the full diameter. This confirmed ... «BMC Blogs Network, Cze 15»

Richness of Malta's simple plants

Due to their simplistic forms, bryophytes lack lignified tissues and depend entirely on an intricate laminar boundary layer for molecular diffusion. «Times of Malta, Cze 15»

Exploring the deep-time roots of plant diversity

Beginning with small, simple, and grass-like ancestors, vascular plants (land plants that have lignified tissues for conducting water and ... «Phys.Org, Cze 15»

How to grow persimmons

Don't bend older limbs in winter when the wood has lignified, or hardened. Hungry persimmon-lovers may need a bit of patience, as the tree ... «Stuff.co.nz, Cze 15»

Silage part one: Making more sense than ever for sheep production …

... in that degree-days and moisture are captured as highly digestible vegetative growth, instead of lignified, poorly-digested material that has ... «Michigan State University Extension, Maj 15»

Dinner and Lecture at Acton University - Joel Salatin

A wordsmith, he describes his occupation as “mob-stocking herbivorous solar conversion lignified carbon sequestration fertilization. «Acton Institute, Kwi 15»

Food waste feeds the future

"It's not highly lignified and so is used as a mix with grains and other feeds." While Copra meal currently cost more than feed grain, the ... «The Land Newspaper, Gru 14»

Growing media: Investment window

A more lignified structure can be achieved by adding woodchip, or even bracken or wool shoddy, in common with commercial green waste ... «Horticulture Week, Lis 14»

Kiwi Nursery Sees Spike In Tall Orders

... potential to fruit early under watchful management and there will be no bends or twists in the trunk because of a “straight lignified rootstock.”. «Snooth, Lis 14»