CO OZNACZA SŁOWO PRESUPPOSE
Założenie
W dziedzinie językoznawstwa znanej jako pragmatyka, założenie jest domniemanym założeniem o świecie lub w tle wierzeniu odnoszącym się do wypowiedzi, której prawda jest wzięta za oczywistą w dyskursie. Przykłady wstępnych założeń obejmują: ▪ Jane już nie pisze fikcji. ▪ Presupposition: Jane kiedyś napisała fikcję. ▪ Czy przestałeś jeść mięsa? ▪ Presupposition: raz jadłeś mięso. ▪ Czy rozmawiałeś z Hansem? ▪ Presupposition: istnieje Hans. Założenie musi być wzajemnie znane lub zakładane przez mówcę i adresata, aby wypowiedź była uważana za odpowiednią w kontekście. Ogólnie rzecz ujmując, konieczne jest założenie, czy wypowiedź jest umieszczona w formie twierdzenia, zaprzeczenia lub pytania i może być powiązana ze specyficznym słownikiem lub funkcją gramatyczną w wypowiedzi. Najważniejsze jest, że negacja ekspresji nie zmienia swoich założeń: chcę to zrobić jeszcze raz i nie chcę tego robić ponownie, zarówno zakładają, że podmiot ten zrobił to już raz lub więcej razy; Moja żona jest w ciąży i moja żona nie jest w ciąży, zarówno zakładają, że ma żonę.
Definicja słowa presuppose w słowniku
Pierwsza definicja domniemania w słowniku to coś oczywistego; założyć. Inna definicja założenia zakłada wymaganie lub implikowanie jako konieczny warunek wstępny. Konieczne jest również, aby wymagało to spełnienia jako warunku wstępnego stwierdzenia, czy oświadczenie jest prawdziwe, czy fałszywe, lub czy akt mowy jest trafny. Czy przestałeś bić swoją żonę? zakłada, że osoba adresowana ma żonę i pobiła ją.
KONIUGACJA CZASOWNIKA PRESUPPOSE
PRESENT
Present
I presuppose
you presuppose
he/she/it presupposes
we presuppose
you presuppose
they presuppose
Present continuous
I am presupposing
you are presupposing
he/she/it is presupposing
we are presupposing
you are presupposing
they are presupposing
Present perfect
I have presupposed
you have presupposed
he/she/it has presupposed
we have presupposed
you have presupposed
they have presupposed
Present perfect continuous
I have been presupposing
you have been presupposing
he/she/it has been presupposing
we have been presupposing
you have been presupposing
they have been presupposing
PAST
Past
I presupposed
you presupposed
he/she/it presupposed
we presupposed
you presupposed
they presupposed
Past continuous
I was presupposing
you were presupposing
he/she/it was presupposing
we were presupposing
you were presupposing
they were presupposing
Past perfect
I had presupposed
you had presupposed
he/she/it had presupposed
we had presupposed
you had presupposed
they had presupposed
Past perfect continuous
I had been presupposing
you had been presupposing
he/she/it had been presupposing
we had been presupposing
you had been presupposing
they had been presupposing
FUTURE
Future
I will presuppose
you will presuppose
he/she/it will presuppose
we will presuppose
you will presuppose
they will presuppose
Future continuous
I will be presupposing
you will be presupposing
he/she/it will be presupposing
we will be presupposing
you will be presupposing
they will be presupposing
Future perfect
I will have presupposed
you will have presupposed
he/she/it will have presupposed
we will have presupposed
you will have presupposed
they will have presupposed
Future perfect continuous
I will have been presupposing
you will have been presupposing
he/she/it will have been presupposing
we will have been presupposing
you will have been presupposing
they will have been presupposing
CONDITIONAL
Conditional
I would presuppose
you would presuppose
he/she/it would presuppose
we would presuppose
you would presuppose
they would presuppose
Conditional continuous
I would be presupposing
you would be presupposing
he/she/it would be presupposing
we would be presupposing
you would be presupposing
they would be presupposing
Conditional perfect
I would have presuppose
you would have presuppose
he/she/it would have presuppose
we would have presuppose
you would have presuppose
they would have presuppose
Conditional perfect continuous
I would have been presupposing
you would have been presupposing
he/she/it would have been presupposing
we would have been presupposing
you would have been presupposing
they would have been presupposing
IMPERATIVE
Imperative
you presuppose
we let´s presuppose
you presuppose
NONFINITE VERB FORMS
Past participle
presupposed
Present Participle
presupposing
CYTATY ZE SŁOWEM «PRESUPPOSE»
Słynne cytaty i zdania ze słowem
presuppose.
We are a religious people whose institutions presuppose a Supreme Being.
There's a very real possibility in this industry of going out and leading your life and then going home and being a voyeur of your own life. You can literally go watch yourself - where you went last night, what you did, what the things that people presuppose about you. It's kind of crazy.
Sculptures created from found materials like ice and thorns, driftwood, and even bleached kangaroo bones all presuppose that artistic design will yield to the cycles of time and climate, whether over an hour or a decade.
The script is very good because the things that happen in it are very believable to me. It doesn't presuppose that the world has changed very much. You don't have to think that you're in a different world.
KSIĄŻKI POWIĄZANE ZE SŁOWEM «PRESUPPOSE»
Poznaj użycie słowa
presuppose w następujących pozycjach bibliograficznych Książki powiązane ze słowem
presuppose oraz krótkie ich fragmenty w celu przedstawienia kontekstu użycia w literaturze.
1
Meaning Through Language Contrast
presuppose the addressee's superior position over the addresser's and
presuppose the latter regulates himself to fulfill the dialogical goal and its master
illocutionary act, namely, pleading, is successful. Warning-dialogue is successful
if and ...
Katarzyna Jaszczolt, Ken Turner,
2003
2
David Hume: Induction and scepticism
Some are perhaps excluded on the ground that they are senses in which what an
argument presupposes is a rule or a principle of inference, whereas we have
Hume's word for it that what arguments from the impression to the idea
presuppose ...
3
Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Aristotle and the Metaphysics
But an axiom, as he uses the term 'axiom', is something that one must
presuppose if one is to learn anything (see Posterior Analytics I. 2, 72a16–17).
Hence PNC is a principle of all reasoning in the sense that if one is to reason at
all about ...
4
Rationalized Epistemology: Taking Solipsism Seriously
The usual methods of random selection can be shown to yield random samples
only on the basis of empirical generalizations that presuppose the validity of
inductive procedures. A very simple example of such a method is that of throwing
a ...
Albert A. Johnstone,
1991
5
The Transformation of Positivism: Alexius Meinong and ...
Does not the act of writing a nonsensical sentence presuppose the mental act of
formulating it? Meinong's response is that the principle stands primarily because
the objects they refer to stand in a parallel definite order: objectives presuppose ...
David F. Lindenfeld,
1980
6
Essays on A Priori Knowledge and Justification: Essays
In effect, we will have found that we presuppose that P is valid in subjunctive
reasoning. Assuming that the foregoing claim about metaphysical necessity is
correct, this result makes it reasonable to conclude that P is metaphysically
necessary.
7
How to Make a Good Mind Great
Presuppositions of NLP If we presuppose certain things to be true, it can be very
helpful. If we take a puppy to the stream and gently coax it into chasing a stick
into the water, we presuppose it will have the ability to swim further out to grasp it
...
8
Out of Error: Further Essays on Critical Rationalism
Chapter. 8. How. Little. Uniformity. Need. an. Inductive. Inference. Presuppose? 0
A Problem Hume said that 'all our experimental conclusions proceed upon the
supposition that the future will be conformable to the past' and that 'all reasonings
...
9
Fiction and Fictionalism
If, in regarding the sentence “Holmes is smarter than any real detective” as true,
we presuppose the existence of Holmes, we presumably presuppose his real
existence. But then his fame cannot be greater than that of any real detective,
else it ...
10
Studies in the Theory of Ideology
When I utter the expression 'Good morning' to a person passing in the street, I
commonly presuppose that it is the early part of the day and that the person so
addressed will understand my utterance as a greeting (and not, for example, as a
...
WIADOMOŚCI, KTÓRE ZAWIERAJĄ SŁOWO «PRESUPPOSE»
Sprawdź, o czym dyskutuje się w prasie krajowej i zagranicznej oraz jak jest stosowane słowo
presuppose w wiadomościach.
Why Obama's Executive Action on Iran Does Not Violate the Law
“All his acts therefore, properly executive, must presuppose the existence of the laws to be executed.” To allow the president a share of the ... «Ricochet.com, Lip 15»
What is a President? The CEO of Capitalism
That is, both sides generally presuppose the liberal notion of pluralism, which conceives of a neutral and malleable state that can be shaped ... «CounterPunch, Lip 15»
Supreme Court decision affects affordable housing industry
... conclusion that the act includes claims of disparate impact and congressional amendments to the act presuppose disparate impact claims. «Lexology, Lip 15»
Public Opinion On Obama's Official Visit
... the delegates' visit, Birhanu said "such a thing should not come as a surprise for such conferences presuppose absolute serenity and calm. «AllAfrica.com, Lip 15»
Opinion: Jerusalem and the latest Temple Mount flare-up
... that appears to defy all rational analysis, at least, when this analysis isn't willing or able to presuppose the existence of irrational motives. «Deutsche Welle, Lip 15»
A BIT of Confusion in Enforcing Investment Treaty Awards
And, as Engelmayer explained, the FSIA uses terms that presuppose litigation over a contested issue, e.g., a conventional lawsuit in which ... «New York Law Journal, Lip 15»
Germany's Schaeuble endorses eurozone budget, finance minister …
... the ministry said, adding that individual elements in the report must be seen in the overall context and would presuppose treaty changes. «Europe Online Magazine, Lip 15»
The Right Way Forward for Conservatism
... individual freedom, equality under law, and limited government—all of which presuppose and protect religious faith and traditional morality. «Wall Street Journal, Lip 15»
Congress needs to stand up for American people's interest over …
Ultimately any agreement must presuppose the good faith of the parties and must rely on the professionalism and skill of the IAEA inspectors to ... «Mondoweiss, Lip 15»
Gov. Fallin Correct to Defy OK Supreme Court on Ten Commandments
It would be strange indeed, if with such a people, our institutions did not presuppose Christianity, and did not often refer to it, and exhibit ... «United Liberty, Lip 15»