CO OZNACZA SŁOWO RESTRICTIVE PRACTICE
Antykonkurencyjne praktyki
Antykonkurencyjne praktyki to praktyki biznesowe, rządowe lub religijne, które zapobiegają lub ograniczają konkurencję na rynku. Mogą to być: ▪ Dumping, w którym firma sprzedaje produkt na konkurencyjnym rynku ze stratą. Choć firma traci pieniądze na każdą sprzedaż, firma ma nadzieję zmusić innych konkurentów do wycofania się z rynku, po czym firma będzie mogła podnieść ceny na większy zysk. ▪ Wyłączne transakcje, w przypadku gdy sprzedawca lub hurtownik jest zobowiązany do zawarcia umowy wyłącznie do zakupu od kontrahenta. ▪ ustalanie cen, w przypadku gdy firmy zmuszone są do ustalania cen, skutecznego demontażu wolnego rynku. ▪ Odmowa rozdysponowania, np. Dwóch firm zgadza się nie używać pewnego dostawcy ▪ Dzielenia terytoriów, porozumienia pomiędzy dwoma przedsiębiorstwami, które pozostają poza siebie nawzajem i zmniejszają konkurencję na uzgodnionych terytoriach. ▪ Ogranicz cenę, gdy cena jest ustalana przez monopolistów na poziomie, który ma zniechęcić do wejścia na rynek. ▪ Wiązanie, w przypadku gdy produkty, które nie są ze sobą związane, muszą być zakupione łącznie. ▪ Utrzymanie cen odsprzedaŜy, w których sprzedający nie mogą samodzielnie ustalać cen.
Definicja słowa restrictive practice w słowniku
Definicja praktyki ograniczającej w słowniku jest umową handlową w interesie publicznym. Inną definicją praktyki ograniczającej jest praktyka związku zawodowego lub innej grupy zmierzającej do ograniczenia wolności innych pracowników lub pracodawców.
KSIĄŻKI POWIĄZANE ZE SŁOWEM «RESTRICTIVE PRACTICE»
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1
Monopoly and
Restrictive Practices
Most of these types of restrictive practice obviously depended on formal
agreements among several firms, but others could be introduced by a monopolist
on his own. The latter included various types of discrimination, e.g. price
discrimination ...
2
Restrictive Trade Practices and Public Interest
... resulting in maintaining prices at unreasonable level. In this regard as far back
in 1965, the Report of the Monopolies Inquiry Commission clearly pointed out
that 'every monopolistic practice is on the face of it a restrictive practice. Indeed ...
3.1.7 Restrictive practice legislation policies The other policy to promote
competition is to limit restrictive practices between firms and their distributors or
suppliers which may take such forms as tying, exclusive dealing, description
1quantity ...
4
Restrictive Labor Practices in Seaports
Usually cost is affected by the restrictive practice as a derived variable, for
example when twelve men have to be allocated to a task that technically requires
only ten. However there are other practices where cost enters directly, for
instance in ...
5
Vertical Agreements in EU Competition Law
(4) Relationship between EU and national competition law Convergence rule
When a national authority investigates a restrictive practice within the meaning of
Article 101(1) TFEU which may affect trade between the Member States, and
must ...
Frank Wijckmans, Filip Tuytschaever,
2011
6
Industrial Sector Reforms in Globalization Era
... with the Registrar of Agreements, authorized by the Director-General of
Investigation and Registration, so that he can get them evaluated by the MRTP
Commission as to whether the restrictive practice is or is not against the public
interest.
7
The Political Economy of Israel: From Ideology to Stagnation
The administrative machinery that facilitated discretion consisted of a controller of
restrictive trade practices and the Restrictive Trade Practices Board. The
controller had to keep a Register of Cartels. Any party to a restrictive practice had
to ...
8
Industrial Organization: Competition, Growth and Structural ...
This form of restrictive practice is on the boundary of policy, since it is clearly
more difficult to prove that collusion has taken place without an actual agreement,
and also such parallel behaviour is likely to become more common where more ...
Kenneth George, Caroline Joll, E L Lynk,
2005
9
Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy
... may not be regarded as a restrictive practice per se. Nevertheless, by a variety
of means, host governments may be able to discourage MNEs from imposing
unwelcome constraints of the first kind on their affiliates. Foremost among these
is ...
John H. Dunning, Sarianna M. Lundan,
2008
10
CIMA Official Learning System Fundamentals of Business Economics
Originally, there were eight defences (nicknamed 'gateways') which could be
legitimately used to justify the restrictive practice. In addition, the benefits to the
consumer needed to outweigh the costs of the practice. Gradually, investigations
...
Steve Adams, Paul Periton,
2009
WIADOMOŚCI, KTÓRE ZAWIERAJĄ SŁOWO «RESTRICTIVE PRACTICE»
Sprawdź, o czym dyskutuje się w prasie krajowej i zagranicznej oraz jak jest stosowane słowo
restrictive practice w wiadomościach.
Restrictive policies for blood transfusions could produce significant …
If restrictive practice is proven to be safe in a large study, it could potentially safely reduce the use of red blood cell transfusions and produce cost savings for the ... «News-Medical.net, Lip 15»
CCI directs DG to probe alleged restrictive practices of Ola Cabs
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has directed the Director General (DG) of CCI to conduct an investigation into the business practices of Ola Cabs for ... «Business Standard, Maj 15»
Graeme Innes says 'appalling' cage practice not one-off, calls for …
Graeme Innes says 'appalling' cage practice not one-off, calls for inquiry on ... people with disability which would include both schools and restrictive practices. «Sydney Morning Herald, Kwi 15»
Obama "concerned" over China's restrictive practices
U.S. President Obama tells Reuters that China has laws working through the system that would force U.S. tech companies to ''turn over to the Chinese ... «Reuters, Mar 15»
Obama 'concerned' over China's 'restrictive practices'
March 2, 2015 5:55 PM EST - President Obama says China has laws working their way through the system that would force U.S. tech companies to "turn over to ... «Washington Post, Mar 15»
HIQA reveals practice of physically restraining clients at Meath care …
The high level of restrictive practice and restraint used included locked doors - both internally and doors that exited the centre - and residents being confined to ... «Irish Examiner, Gru 14»
Nurse Practitioner Practice: Full Scope, Better Outcomes
Yet there are different levels of NP practice in this country as a result of the differences in state licensing laws. Some states have restrictive practices, whereas ... «Medscape, Paz 14»
Reducing the use of restrictive treatments
This guidance provides the opportunity for this group to sharpen the focus and practice in order to reduce the use of a range of restrictive practices. «The British Psychological Society, Kwi 14»
Taiwan FTC fines Apple for restrictive practices
Taiwan FTC fines Apple for restrictive practices Apple Asia has been fined by the FTC for contract violations that hurt carriers and stifle competition. (CNA). «Taiwan Today, Gru 13»
Accountancy suffers from 'restrictive practices' in Europe
He added: "Many of the restrictive practices which remain apply particularly to important economic sectors, such as construction or accountancy." The Tory ... «Accountancy Age, Sty 11»