KSIĄŻKI POWIĄZANE ZE SŁOWEM «KHARAJ»
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1
Islamic Land Tax - Al-Kharaj: From the Islamic Conquests ...
This book is a unique research tool analyzing Arab primary sources and using Western academic methodologies -- the definitive work on its subject.
Ghaida Khazna Katbi, 2009
2
Encyclopedia of Islam - Halaman 431
Umayyad period (seventh to eighth centuries), however, it seems that the term kharaj was used to designate land conquered militarily rather than taken by treaty, and therefore to be permanently taxed at a rate higher than would apply to other ...
3
Shaping a Muslim State: The World of a Mid-Eighth-Century ...
105—25/724—43), and the latter's finance director and governor in Egypt, 'Ubayd Allah b. al-Habhab, eventually led to the separation of the poll-tax from the land-tax, making it legal for (converted) Muslims to own, trade in, and work on kharaj ...
Petra M. Sijpesteijn, 2013
4
Islam and the Everyday World: Public Policy Dilemmas
Kharaj wasa landtax levied on conquered land. It hadno explicit Quranic foundation,andthe Prophet didnot apply kharaj systematically (Chaudhry 1992:70). Kharaj wasintroduced asa systematic land tax by the secondcaliph Umar after the ...
Sohrab Behdad, Farhad Nomani, 2006
5
Taxation in Islam - Jilid 1 - Halaman 5
A. Ben Shemesh. (d. 270/884), the founder of the al-Zahiriya school of law, is also mentioned as the author of a Kitab al-Kharaj 1. 11. From the first part of the fourth century A.H., we have the third extant book (Tax. in Islam Vol. II), by Qudama b.
6
Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East: Butterworths ...
One tax that hit all citizens regardess of religion was the kharaj — literally, the revenue derived from a piece of land. Over the long history of Islam, no universally accepted definition of kharaj land has emerged. All commentators agree on the ...
Hossein Askari, John Thomas Cummings, Michael Glover, 2013
7
The Spread of Islam Throughout the World - Halaman 205
This is clear from his statement about a woman landowner of Nahr al-Malik when she converted: 'Leave her with her land, on which she shall pay the kharaj.'63 The accounts show that whoever converted to Islam in territory taken by force was ...
Idris El Hareir, Ravane Mbaye, 2011
8
Maqasid Foundations of Market Economics - Halaman 147
accountability' (al-ghunm bi al-ghurm) and (2) 'income is bound by assured obligation' (al-kharaj bi al-daman). The former emerged from a hadith where the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'A pledge should not be blocked from the one who ...
Seif Ibrahim Tag el-Din, 2013
9
The Cambridge History of Iran - Jilid 7 - Halaman 462
Further, it was held that the duty to pay kharaj, since it was a sharc! obligation, did not lapse when the ruler was illegitimate. With the rise of the Safavids in the ioth/i6th century, when the Ithna- cAshari Shlca formed a political organization, the ...
William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, 1991
10
Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An ...
maximize tax revenues from kharaj lands, which, if owned by Arabs, would have been subject to a 'ushr (tithe), whose rate was significantly lower than kharaj rates. The ban, too, makes sense when we note that the payment of kharaj and jizya ...
Coeli Fitzpatrick Ph.D., Adam Hani Walker, 2014
