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1
Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick ...
Its assignment, as mentioned above, was not accepted by most subsequent authors, who kept the family Sparnotheriodontidae in the order Litopterna. Soria (2001) was the first and sole author to undertake a phylogenetic revision of the ...
Eric J. Sargis, Marian Dagosto,
2008
FIGURE 25-12 Life restorations of several Miocene South American ungulates, from left to right: a tusked, trunk-bearing astrapothere Astrapotherium (Astrapotheriidae), a highly cursorial litoptern Thoatherium (Proterotheriidae), and a litoptern ...
Professor Emeritus Northern Arizona University Terry A Vaughan, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan,
2011
3
The Beginning of the Age of Mammals
12.25. Litoptern dentitions: (A) proterotheriid Anisolambda, left M1_3 and M1_3; (B) sparnotheriodontid Victorlemoinea, left upper molar; (C) macraucheniid Polymorphis, partial mandible with left P2—M3; (D) adianthid Adiantoides, skull and ...
4
Urumaco and Venezuelan Paleontology: The Fossil Record of ...
Comments cannot be made concerning the Litopterna except to say, as in the other cases mentioned, the description and confirmation of the generic identity of the proterotheriid would be of great phylogenetic and paleobiogeographic ...
Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra, Orangel A. Aguilera, Alfredo A. Carlini,
2010
5
Convergent Evolution: Limited Forms Most Beautiful - Strona 162
... Pliohippus pernix †Miocene) South American ecosystem: Litoptern “horse” (Meridiungulata: Litopterna: Proterotheriidae; Thoatherium minusculum †Miocene) 8 Convergent ecological analog: SMALL MIXED-FEEDING HERBIVORE (“rabbit ...
6
Cretaceous-tertiary High-latitude Palaeoenvironments: ... - Strona 163
A new 'South American ungulate' (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Eocene of the Antarctic Peninsula M. BOND1, M. A. REGUERO1, S. F. VIZCAINO1 & S. A. MARENSSI2 ^Division Paleontologia Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del ...
Jane E. Francis, Duncan Pirrie, J. Alistair Crame,
2006
7
The Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals - Strona 91
Litoptern Litopterns are any of various extinct hoofed mammals belonging to the order Litopterna. They first appeared in the Paleocene Epoch and died out during the Pleistocene Epoch. The order was restricted to South America, but in many ...
8
Encyclopedia Britannica - Strona 402
The group's Skull of a macrauchenid litoptern By courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), photograph, Imltor members were restricted to South America. In many ways the evolution of the litopterns paralleled that of ...
Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc,
2002
9
Mammal Evolution: An Illustrated Guide - Strona 161
Litopterna Didolodus is known from the early Eocene of Argentina and its dentition has close resemblances with that of the phenacodonts from North America. It is also a dentition that could serve as the archetype of litopterns and probably ...
Robert J. G. Savage, Michael R. Long,
1986
10
Bones, Clones, and Biomes: The History and Geography of ...
Cingulates and sloths largely dominate category IV, which also includes 1 notoungulate, 1 litoptern, and 1 proboscidean. During the late Pleistocene-early Holocene Lujanian, artiodactyls dominate Table 5.2 Number (and percentages) oftaxa ...
Bruce D. Patterson, Leonora P. Costa,
2012