O QUE SIGNIFICA VIROID EM INGLÊS
Viroid
Os viroides são patógenos das plantas que consistem em um curto trecho de ARN de cadeia simples, altamente complementar, circular. Em comparação, o genoma dos mais conhecidos vírus conhecidos capazes de causar uma infecção por si só tem cerca de 2 kilobases de tamanho. O vírus da hepatite D do patógeno humano é semelhante aos viroides. Os genomas de viroides são de tamanho extremamente pequeno, variando de 246 a 467 nucleótidos e consistindo de menos de 10.000 átomos. Os Viroids foram descobertos e nomeados por Theodor Otto Diener, um patologista de plantas no Agricultural Research Service em Maryland, em 1971. O ARN do Viroid não codifica para nenhuma proteína. Seu mecanismo de replicação usa a ARN polimerase II, uma enzima celular hospedeira normalmente associada à síntese do ARN mensageiro do DNA, que catalisa a síntese do "círculo circulante" do novo RNA usando o ARN do viroid como modelo. Alguns viroides são ribozimas, possuindo propriedades catalíticas que permitem a autoclavagem e a ligação de genomas de tamanho unitário de intermediários de replicação maiores. O primeiro viroide a ser identificado foi o viroid de tubérculo do fuso de batata. Cerca de 33 espécies foram identificadas.
definição de viroid no dicionário inglês
A definição de viroid no dicionário é qualquer uma das várias partículas infecciosas de RNA, menor do que um vírus e conhecido por causar algumas doenças das plantas.
PALAVRAS EM INGLÊS RELACIONADAS COM «VIROID»
viroid ·
diseases ·
examples ·
structure ·
virus ·
virion ·
humans ·
particle ·
viroids ·
prions ·
plant ·
pathogens ·
that ·
consist ·
short ·
stretch ·
highly ·
complementary ·
circular ·
single ·
stranded ·
comparison ·
genome ·
smallest ·
known ·
more ·
merriam ·
webster ·
families ·
pospiviroidae ·
avsunviroidae ·
subviral ·
particles ·
arranged ·
closed ·
loop ·
without ·
atsu ·
introduce ·
concept ·
disease ·
entity ·
familiarize ·
with ·
current ·
concepts ·
pathogenicity ·
define ·
infectious ·
agent ·
plants ·
only ·
strand ·
coat ·
origin ·
viral ·
encyclopedia ·
britannica ·
smaller ·
certain ·
consists ·
solely ·
medical ·
mcmanus ·
sequence ·
similarity ·
between ·
different ·
suggests ·
intermolecular ·
recombinations ·
intramolecular ·
rearrangements ·
have ·
occured ·
during ·
statewide ·
program ·
management ·
guidelines ·
floriculture ·
ornamental ·
nurseries ·
prion ·
information ·
differ ·
many ·
important ·
ways ·
unlike ·
capsids ·
protecting ·
nucleic ·
acid ·
defined ·
yourdictionary ·
vī′ro̵id ·
sentence ·
noun ·
viruslike ·
genetic ·
material ·
coating ·
discovery ·
like ·
invades ·
hijacks ·
reproductive ·
mechanisms ·
forces ·
duplicate ·
instead ·
wiktionary ·
plural ·
order ·
viroidales ·
just ·
section ·
typical ·
biology ·
interactions ·
annu ·
10 LIVROS EM INGLÊS RELACIONADOS COM «VIROID»
Descubra o uso de
viroid na seguinte seleção bibliográfica. Livros relacionados com
viroid e pequenos extratos deles para contextualizar o seu uso na literatura.
1
Viroid Life: Perspectives on Nietzsche and the Transhuman ...
A bold and thought-provoking look at the future of the human, Viroid Life is essential reading for anyone interested in continental philosophy, cultural studies and social theory.
Keith Ansell Pearson,
2012
2
Microbial Plant Pathogens-Detection and Disease Diagnosis:: ...
Inclusion of numerous protocols in appropriate chapters as appendix is a unique feature of this volume.
3
Plant Virus and
Viroid Diseases in the Tropics: Volume 1: ...
(9) Movement Limited information is available about the pathways and
mechanism of viroid movement inside the host plant. The viroids after entering in
a potential host cell, it has to move to either the nucleus (Pospiviroidae) or
chloroplast ...
K. Subramanya Sastry,
2013
This work presents information on viroids and viroid diseases. It provides a single source of information on the properties of viroids, the economic impact of viroid diseases and methods for their detection and control.
5
Viroids and Satellites: Molecular Parasites at the Frontier ...
Viroid replication occurs via RNA intermediates of opposite polarity and does not
involve DNA. In sharp contrast to viral RNAs, viroids do not function as mRNAs,
hence viroids must be replicated by pre-existing host enzymes. The presence of ...
6
Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee ...
genus APsCAviroid Type species Apple scar skin viroid Distinguishing features
Circular ssRNAs between 306 and 369 nt depending on species and sequence
variants. The most stable secondary structure is a rod-like or quasi-rod-like ...
Andrew MQ King, Elliot Lefkowitz, Michael J. Adams,
2011
(2012). 2. Cytopathic Effects Various effects of viroid infection on cellular
structures have been reported. For example, in some infections by members of
the Pospiviroidae changes have been observed in membranous structures called
...
8
Diseases of Horticultural Crops: Fruits
25. Viroid. Diseases. of. Fruits. P. RAMACHANDRAN 1. INTRODUCTION Viroids
are the smallest plant pathogens known to date. They consist of unencapsidated,
circular, single-stranded RNA of 240 to 375 bases (Diener, 1971). Since their ...
9
Principles of Molecular Virology
Virusoids are satellite, viroid-like molecules, a bit larger than viroids (
approximately 1000 nucleotides), which are dependent on the presence of virus
replication for their multiplication (the reason they are called satellites). They are
packaged ...
Viroid-group Viroid-subgroup Viroid Abbreviation Length (nucleotides) A. ASBV-
group ASBV-subgroup Avocado sunblotch viroid ASBV 246-250 Chrysanthemum
chlorotic mottle viroid CChMV 398-399 Peach latent mosaic viroid PLMV 337 B.
D. Söll, S. Nishimura, P. Moore,
2001
10 NOTÍCIAS NAS QUAIS SE INCLUI O TERMO «VIROID»
Conheça de que se fala nos meios de comunicação nacionais e internacionais e como se utiliza o termo
viroid no contexto das seguintes notícias.
Costa Rica bans Mexican, Guatemalan avocados
Costa Rica has banned imports of avocados from Mexico, Guatemala and other countries over sunblotch viroid concerns. The measure is temporary, according ... «The Packer, jul 15»
More Food Safety Issues Popping Up on WTO Committee Agenda
Costa Rica's measure to temporarily suspend import certificates for avocados because of the avocado tree disease called sunblotch viroid raised concerns from ... «Food Safety News, jul 15»
Resistance test to Hop Stunt Viroid on 26 apricot varieties
The apricot species is susceptible to infection by different viruses and viroids including the HSVd, widely distributed around the world and described as the ... «FreshPlaza, jul 15»
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión de importaciones Costa Rica busca evitar la entrada de la plaga "avocado sunblotch viroid". «elDinero, jun 15»
"Costa Rica Sunblotch free, Mexico reported it 2010"
Among other ways, seeds can transmit the viroid. However, there are fruits that present symptoms and others that don't. The fruits with symptoms are not sold, ... «FreshPlaza, jun 15»
Stuart Newman: The Virosphere And Non-Linear Evolution
Suzan Mazur: But many scientists are saying we can no longer ignore the virosphere, which is ubiquitous. Some say that a viroid-like entity may have been the ... «Scoop.co.nz, mai 15»
Workshop to help South Australian growers prepare for potato pests
“Potato spindle tuber viroid has recently been declared endemic in Australia and Dr Lye will be able to update the industry on the latest developments and ... «PotatoPro, mai 15»
Supply of avocados beginning to dwindle after Costa Rica imposes …
... countries as well as the U.S. state of Florida due to the presence of a virus known as Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBV) affecting the fruit in those countries. «Inside Costa Rica, mai 15»
Avocado prices to soar in Costa Rica
... Avocado Sunblotch Viroid, also called “sunblotch.” Included in this affliction is the Haas avocado, which is the most popular avocado in the world, according to ... «FreshPlaza, mai 15»
The "First Replicon" on Earth? A Chat With Virologist Ricardo Flores
Flores thinks viruses may be "the most important faction of the [planet's] biomass" and that a viroid-like entity is a prime candidate for the first replicon on Earth. «Huffington Post, mai 15»