ЧТО ОЗНАЧАЕТ СЛОВО COUNTERSHADING
противотени
Счётчик, или Закон Тайера, - это форма камуфляжа. Счётчик - это картина окраски животных, в которой пигментация животного более темная на верхней стороне и более легкая на нижней стороне тела. Эта картина встречается у многих видов млекопитающих, рептилий, птиц и рыб и существует с по крайней мере меловым периодом. Когда свет падает на равномерно окрашенный объект, например сферу сверху, он делает верхнюю сторону светлее, а нижняя - темнее, градуируя от одного до другого. Этот образец света и тени делает объект видимым и, следовательно, действует как визуальный сигнал, который облегчает обнаружение объекта. Countershading уменьшает легкость обнаружения хищников и жертвы, уравновешивая эффекты самозатенения, снова, как правило, с градуировкой от темноты до света. Теоретически это может быть полезно для военного камуфляжа, но на практике оно редко применяется, несмотря на все усилия художника Эббота Хандерсона Тайера и зоологов, таких как Хью Котт. Связанный с этим механизм, противосвет, добавляет создание света биолюминесценцией или лампами в соответствии с фактической яркостью фона.
Значение слова countershading в словаре английский языка
Определение countershading в словаре - это шаблон, служащий камуфляжем, в котором темные цвета встречаются на частях тела, подверженных свету и бледности цветов на деталях в тени.
КНИГИ НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКЕ, ИМЕЮЩЕЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К СЛОВУ «COUNTERSHADING»
Поиск случаев использования слова
countershading в следующих библиографических источниках. Книги, относящиеся к слову
countershading, и краткие выдержки из этих книг для получения представления о контексте использования этого слова в литературе на английский языке.
1
Introduction to Marine Biology
This shark demonstrates the principle of obliterative countershading. When
viewed from above, the dark back blends in with the surrounding dark water;
when viewed from below, the white belly blends in with the brightly lit surface.
central core ...
George Karleskint, Richard Turner, James Small,
2012
2
Zooplankton: Sensory Ecology and Physiology
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS IN THE CONTROL OF BIOLUMINESCENT
COUNTERSHADING IN A MIDWATER SHRIMP MICHAEL I. LATZ Marine
Biology Research Division 0202, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University
of ...
P Lenz, D K Hartline, J Purcell,
1997
3
Encyclopedia of Deserts
COUNTERSHADING. Process of optical flattening that confers camouflage to
animals. When sunlight illuminates an object from above, the object will be
brightest on top (dorsum) and will gradually shade to a darker color toward the
bottom ...
Michael A. Mares, Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (Norman, Okla.),
1999
4
The Nature Handbook : A Guide to Observing the Great ...
Countershading. The darker appearance of the dorsal or upper side of an animal,
a pattern known as countershading, is thought to make the animal less visible to
its predators or prey by either of two mechanisms. The first is obliteration of form ...
Department of Biology Hamilton College Ernest H. Williams Jr. Professor,
2005
5
Animal Camouflage: Mechanisms and Function
I have emphasised the word discovery because, as is frequently noted, it was not
Thayer who first discovered countershading. As has been confirmed, as early as
1886, Poulton had published his own observations about countershading, ...
Martin Stevens, Sami Merilaita,
2011
6
Perspectives on Animal Behavior
COUNTERSHADING Many animals have dark backs and light bellies, a pattern
called countershading. Over a century ago, the painter and naturalist A. H.
Thayer (1896) suggested that countershading makes animals difficult to detect
because ...
Judith Goodenough, Betty McGuire, Elizabeth Jakob,
2009
Skates and rays that swim near the surface of oceans need camouflage on both
sides of their disks. These skates and rays often have a type of camouflage called
countershading. Animals with countershading have dark backs and light bellies.
Rebecca Sjonger, Bobbie Kalman,
2005
8
Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals
that simple background matching of countershaded pastry against dark-green
grass cannot be an adequate explanation for their lower rates of predation. There
must be something additionally beneficial to countershading, but this was
unlikely ...
9
Animal Coloration: Activities on the Evolution of Concealment
Countershading is frequently observed in nature. Many common mammals and
birds have darker colors on their dorsal (back) surface than on their ven‐tral
surface. There is considerable evidence that this feature of coloration has
evolved ...
Robert Cyril Stebbins, D. C. Ipsen, Gretchen Gillfillan,
2008
10
Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology, & Ecology
Countershading. and. reverse. countershading. A creature might be well
camouflaged in terms of matching the colours and contrasts in its background.
but could still be apparent as a distinct figure by virtue of its solidity. There will be
a distinct ...
Vicki Bruce, Patrick R. Green, Mark A. Georgeson,
2003
НОВОСТИ, В КОТОРЫХ ВСТРЕЧАЕТСЯ ТЕРМИН «COUNTERSHADING»
Здесь показано, как национальная и международная пресса использует термин
countershading в контексте приведенных ниже новостных статей.
Highlights from the 2015 Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society
Countershading refers to shading patterns commonly found in aquatic animals, where the belly is coloured a brighter shade than the back: ... «PLoS Blogs, Июн 15»
Alabama 4-H Center brings scales, feathers and fun to Mt Laurel …
Hunt explained how Walter the turtle uses “countershading” to hide from predators. His yellow belly disguises him as the sun to predators in the ... «Shelby County Reporter, Июн 15»
Malacology Monthly: Cephalopod Compendium
... it doesn't illuminate the feeding tentacles, and it doesn't seem to provide the invisible cloak of countershading that balances the downwelling ... «Deep-Sea News, Май 15»
Nautilus, Chepalopoda Purba Yang Tersisa
Secara internal, cangkang terbagi menjadi beberapa ruang (camerae), dengan mode kamuflase bernama countershading. Cangkang nautilus ... «Mongabay.co.id, Янв 15»
VIDEO: Did you know it's Penguin Awareness Day?
-Their distinct tuxedo-like appearance is called countershading, a form of camouflage that helps keep them safe in the water. -Penguins can be ... «Hamilton Spectator, Янв 15»
5 Reasons Why Great White Sharks are the Blackberry of the Seas
Called countershading, their darker upper half makes them harder to spot from above, and their white lower half makes their outline less ... «Deep-Sea News, Янв 15»
How a Turn-of-the-Century Painter Influenced Military Camouflage
Called “Thayer's Law,” his assertions on the countershading of animal coloration, so that darker tones were on top and lighter on the bottom, ... «Hyperallergic, Июл 14»
Fantastically Wrong: The Surprising Truth Behind the Horrifying …
This is known as countershading. If moonlight hits, say, a uniformly brown owl, it creates a gradient of a lighter top side and darker bottom side, ... «Wired, Июн 14»
3 California Frogs Win Protection Under Endangered Species Act
Maxing out at just under three inches long, male Yosemite toads are pale yellow-green to olive above with lighter countershading below, while ... «KCET, Апр 14»
Review of 'Masters of Disguise,' at the Intrepid
The last gallery looks at countershading camo. Abbott H. Thayer came up with Thayer's Law around the turn of the 20th century. He found that ... «Wall Street Journal, Мар 14»