ЭТИМОЛОГИЯ СЛОВА DIFFRACTION
From New Latin diffractiō a breaking to pieces, from Latin diffringere to shatter, from dis- apart + frangere to break.
ЧТО ОЗНАЧАЕТ СЛОВО DIFFRACTION
дифракция
Дифракция относится к различным явлениям, которые возникают, когда волна встречает препятствие или щель. В классической физике явление дифракции описывается как интерференция волн по принципу Гюйгенса Френеля. Эти характерные поведения проявляются, когда волна встречает препятствие или щель, сравнимую по размеру с ее длиной волны. Подобные эффекты возникают, когда световая волна проходит через среду с изменяющимся показателем преломления или когда звуковая волна проходит через среду с переменным акустическим импедансом. Дифракция происходит со всеми волнами, включая звуковые волны, волны воды и электромагнитные волны, такие как видимый свет, рентгеновское излучение и радиоволны. Поскольку физические объекты обладают волнообразными свойствами, дифракция также происходит с веществом и может быть изучена в соответствии с принципами квантовой механики. Итальянский ученый Франческо Мария Гримальди придумал слово «дифракция» и первым записал точные наблюдения за этим явлением в 1660 году.
Значение слова diffraction в словаре английский языка
Первое определение дифракции в словаре - это отклонение в направлении волны на краю препятствия на своем пути. Другим определением дифракции является любое явление, вызванное дифракцией и интерференцией света, например, образование светлой и темной полос при прохождении света через небольшое отверстие. Дифракция - это также отклонение звуковых волн, вызванных препятствием или неоднородностью среды.
ЦИТАТЫ СО СЛОВОМ «DIFFRACTION»
Известные цитаты и высказывания со словом
diffraction.
For X-rays, the phenomenon of diffraction by crystals was a natural consequence of the idea that X-rays are waves analogous to light and differ from it only by having a smaller wavelength.
I got bored with the topic; I felt this was 19th century physics. I was wondering if there was still something profound that could be made with light microscopy. So I saw that the diffraction barrier was the only important problem that had been left over.
I imagined there would be a way to crack the diffraction barrier. But of course I didn't know exactly how it would work, but I had a gut feeling that there must be something, and so I tried to think about it, to be creative.
I first met the subject of X-ray diffraction of crystals in the pages of the book W. H. Bragg wrote for school children in 1925, 'Concerning the Nature of Things.'
If diffraction or interference phenomena were to be sought it was therefore necessary, in accordance with the basic principles of wave theory, to select for the test arrangement far smaller decisive dimensions than those employed in corresponding tests with visible light.
The fundamental importance of the subject of molecular diffraction came first to be recognized through the theoretical work of the late Lord Rayleigh on the blue light of the sky, which he showed to be the result of the scattering of sunlight by the gases of the atmosphere.
КНИГИ НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКЕ, ИМЕЮЩЕЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К СЛОВУ «DIFFRACTION»
Поиск случаев использования слова
diffraction в следующих библиографических источниках. Книги, относящиеся к слову
diffraction, и краткие выдержки из этих книг для получения представления о контексте использования этого слова в литературе на английский языке.
The first edition of this highly successful book appeared in 1975 and evolved from lecture notes for classes in physical optics, diffraction physics and electron microscopy given to advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
2
Electron Backscatter
Diffraction in Materials Science
The purpose of this book is to provide the fundamental basis for electron backscatter diffraction in materials science, the current state of both hardware and software, and illustrative examples of the applications of electron backscatter ...
Adam J. Schwartz, Mukul Kumar, Brent L. Adams,
2010
3
X-ray
Diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals, and ...
Exploration of fundamentals of x-ray diffraction theory using Fourier transforms applies general results to various atomic structures, amorphous bodies, crystals, and imperfect crystals. 154 illustrations. 1963 edition.
4
X-Ray
Diffraction: A Practical Approach
Theoretical texts of x-rays diffraction often frustrates beginners. After plowing through thick jargon, they may have little understanding of how to record an x-ray diffraction pattern and how to derive useful information from it.
C. Suryanarayana, M. Grant Norton,
1998
This book presents a unified view of diffraction for first-year undergraduate students in physics, engineering & other sciences, & will be especially useful to anyone using optical instruments in experimental work.
6
Industrial Applications of X-Ray
Diffraction
By illustrating a wide range of specific applications in all major industries, this work broadens the coverage of X-ray diffraction beyond basic tenets, research and academic principles.
7
The Basics of Crystallography and
Diffraction
This book provides a clear introduction to topics which are essential to students in a wide range of scientific disciplines but which are otherwise only covered in specialised and mathematically detailed texts.
Christopher Hammond,
2009
8
Diffraction, Fourier Optics and Imaging
This book presents current theories of diffraction, imaging, and related topics based on Fourier analysis and synthesis techniques, which are essential for understanding, analyzing, and synthesizing modern imaging, optical communications ...
9
Powder
Diffraction: Theory and Practice
A long awaited overview of the status of powder diffraction in modern research including essential theory and introductory material for students and researchers.
Robert E. Dinnebier, S. J. L. Billinge,
2008
10
Diffraction Gratings and Applications
"Offers and up-to-date assessment of the entire field of diffraction gratings, including history, physics, manufacture, testing, and instrument design.
Erwin G. Loewen, Evgeny Popov,
1997
НОВОСТИ, В КОТОРЫХ ВСТРЕЧАЕТСЯ ТЕРМИН «DIFFRACTION»
Здесь показано, как национальная и международная пресса использует термин
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