ЧТО ОЗНАЧАЕТ СЛОВО NATURAL SELECTION
Естественный отбор
Естественный отбор - это постепенный процесс, посредством которого биологические черты становятся более или менее распространенными среди населения в зависимости от влияния унаследованных черт на дифференцированный репродуктивный успех организмов, взаимодействующих с окружающей их средой. Это ключевой механизм эволюции. Термин «естественный отбор» популяризировался Чарльзом Дарвином, который предполагал, что его можно сравнить с искусственным отбором, теперь более часто называемым селекционным размножением. Вариация существует во всех популяциях организмов. Это происходит частично из-за случайных мутаций в геноме отдельного организма, и эти мутации могут быть переданы потомству. На протяжении жизни людей их геномы взаимодействуют со своей средой, вызывая изменения в чертах. Люди с определенными вариантами признака могут выживать и воспроизводить больше, чем люди с другими, менее успешными вариантами. Поэтому население развивается. Важны также факторы, влияющие на репродуктивный успех, вопрос, который Чарльз Дарвин развивал в своих идеях о сексуальном отборе, например.
Значение слова natural selection в словаре английский языка
Определение естественного отбора в словаре - это процесс, приводящий к выживанию этих людей из популяции животных или растений, которые лучше всего адаптированы к преобладающим условиям окружающей среды. Оставшиеся в живых, как правило, производят больше потомства, чем те, которые менее приспособлены, так что характеристики населения меняются со временем, что объясняет процесс эволюции.
ЦИТАТЫ СО СЛОВОМ «NATURAL SELECTION»
Известные цитаты и высказывания со словом
natural selection.
Natural selection is not an inflammatory phrase; evolution is.
It is a shock to us in the twentieth century to discover, from observations science has made, that the fundamental mechanisms of life cannot be ascribed to natural selection, and therefore were designed. But we must deal with our shock as best we can and go on.
It was a shock to people of the nineteenth century when they discovered, from observations science had made, that many features of the biological world could be ascribed to the elegant principle of natural selection.
Since natural selection requires a function to select, an irreducibly complex biological system, if there is such a thing, would have to arise as an integrated unit for natural selection to have anything to act on.
The difficulty of looking at a system like natural selection if you have any sort of moral sense yourself, is almost what makes it beautiful.
Natural selection shaped the human brain to be drawn toward aspects of nature that enhance our survival and reproduction, like verdant landscapes and docile creatures. There is no payoff to getting the warm fuzzies in the presence of rats, snakes, mosquitoes, cockroaches, herpes simplex and the rabies virus.
The real problem with natural selection is that it makes no intuitive sense. It is like quantum physics; we may intellectually grasp it, but it will never feel right to us.
It is hard to explain the huge variety of diatoms - a microorganism that has 100,000 species - in terms of natural selection.
There are good reasons why natural selection has become widely accepted as an explanation of evolutionary development. When applied to mammals and other large animals, it fits perfectly. But we cannot assume that all evolutionary steps arise from selection, particularly when looking at smaller animals.
The Galapagos Islands are probably the most famous wildlife-watching destination in the world. And no wonder - it's almost impossible to exaggerate the sheer spectacle of the place that provided inspiration for Charles Darwin's ground-breaking theory of natural selection.
КНИГИ НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКЕ, ИМЕЮЩЕЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К СЛОВУ «NATURAL SELECTION»
Поиск случаев использования слова
natural selection в следующих библиографических источниках. Книги, относящиеся к слову
natural selection, и краткие выдержки из этих книг для получения представления о контексте использования этого слова в литературе на английский языке.
1
Natural Selection: A Novel
Then the real hunt begins. . . . Loaded with astonishing action sequences, Natural Selection is that rare breed of thriller, filled with intricately layered research, real three-dimensional characters, and tornado pacing.
2
Adaptation and
Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current ...
His Adaptation and Natural Selection, now a classic of science literature, is a thorough and convincing essay in defense of Darwinism; its suggestions for developing effective principles for dealing with the evolution debate and its ...
George Christopher Williams,
2008
" Natural Selection is made all the more remarkable in that its theories were so advanced for their time that science could not prove them until the emergence of modern evolutionary synthesis between the 1930s and 1950s, almost a century ...
4
Charles Darwin's
Natural Selection: Being the Second Part of ...
This volume has been edited and annotated and includes a cross-indexing to the Origin. Natural Selection is the manuscript on which Darwin based his landmark volume, On the Origin of Species.
Charles Darwin, R. C. Stauffer,
1987
5
Natural Selection in the Wild
These are the purposes of John Endler's book.
When sporadic Clan incursions into Inner Sphere territory supply mercenaries with more work than they can handle, Khan Phelan Ward and Prince Victor Davion--cousins, rulers, and enemies--must decide what to do. Original.
Michael A. Stackpole,
1992
7
Evolutionary Game Theory,
Natural Selection, and Darwinian ...
The evolutionary game theory developed in this 2005 book provides the tools necessary for understanding many of nature's mysteries, including co-evolution, speciation, extinction and the major biological questions regarding fit of form and ...
Thomas L. Vincent, Joel S. Brown,
2005
James has always lived in the shadow of his wealthy and hip best friend, Stefan, except in his relationship with Victoria, the girl of his dreams, until he does the unthinkable and engineers a meeting between his best friend and his best ...
9
Contributions to the theory of
natural selection
Laws from which the Origin of Species may be deduced — Mr. Darwin's
Metaphors liable to Misconception — A case of Orchis-structure explained by
Natural Selection — Adaptation brought about by General Laws — Beauty in
Nature — How ...
Alfred Russel Wallace,
1871
10
Beyond
Natural Selection
proposes an approach to evolution that is more in harmony with modern science than Darwinism or neo-Darwinism In Beyond Natural Selection, Wesson points out that Darwinsim and neo-Darwinism explain only part of the richness of contemporary ...
НОВОСТИ, В КОТОРЫХ ВСТРЕЧАЕТСЯ ТЕРМИН «NATURAL SELECTION»
Здесь показано, как национальная и международная пресса использует термин
natural selection в контексте приведенных ниже новостных статей.
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A Mathematician's View of Evolution
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Artist raises redwoods in Canada to fight climate change
This use of natural selection helps the researchers winnow out which species might not survive. “We're looking at those kinds of things rather ... «National Observer, Июл 15»
Community news for Glastonbury edition
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Science & Philosophy: A Beautiful Friendship
Many Victorian-era scientists and philosophers were so enthusiastic about the thrilling new scientific theory of natural selection that they thought it could be ... «Philosophy Now, Июл 15»
The war on feral cats will need many different weapons
The theory is that natural selection and learning will lead to improved survival and behaviour of successive generations of threatened species. «The Conversation AU, Июл 15»
When Paths Diverge
As Edward O. Wilson said, we are “about to decommission natural selection … Soon we must look deep within ourselves and decide what we wish to become” ... «Philosophy Now, Июл 15»
The Prisoner's Dilemma and The Evolution of Morality
Rather the strategy is worked out through natural selection, which gradually programs the fish to respond appropriately to environmental stimuli. Other strategies ... «Philosophy Now, Июл 15»
Why the BJP is appointing C-listers to head top institutions
Despite the Monkey Trial, natural selection eventually became part of curricula across the United States. In recent years, however, conservative ... «Scroll.in, Июл 15»