ЧТО ОЗНАЧАЕТ СЛОВО UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
Классическое кондиционирование
Классическое кондиционирование - это своего рода обучение, которое происходит, когда условный раздражитель сопряжен с безусловным стимулом. Обычно КС является нейтральным стимулом, США биологически эффективны, а безусловный ответ на США - это неослабевающий рефлекторный ответ. После повторного спаривания организм проявляет условный ответ на CS, когда CS представлен в одиночку. CR обычно похож на UR, но, в отличие от UR, он должен быть приобретен через опыт и относительно непостоянен. Классическое кондиционирование отличается от оперантного или инструментального кондиционирования, в котором поведение усиливается или ослабляется, в зависимости от его последствий. Классический эксперимент Павлова иллюстрирует стандартную процедуру, используемую в классическом обучении. Первый Павлов наблюдал, как UR производился, когда в рот собаки помещался мясной порошок. Затем он позвонил в колокольчик перед подачей мясного порошка. После некоторых повторений этого спаривания колокола и мяса собака слюняла только на колокол, продемонстрировав, что Павлов назвал «условным» ответом, теперь обычно называемым «условным ответом» или CR. При кондиционировании CS не просто подключен к UR.
Значение слова unconditioned stimulus в словаре английский языка
Определение безусловного стимула в словаре - это любой стимул, вызывающий неослабевающий отклик, особенно в контексте классического кондиционирования, в котором условный стимул сопровождается безусловным.
КНИГИ НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКЕ, ИМЕЮЩЕЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К СЛОВУ «UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS»
Поиск случаев использования слова
unconditioned stimulus в следующих библиографических источниках. Книги, относящиеся к слову
unconditioned stimulus, и краткие выдержки из этих книг для получения представления о контексте использования этого слова в литературе на английский языке.
It occurs when a neutral stimulus (such as a tone), is repeatedly paired with an
unconditioned stimulus, or UCS (such as meat powder on a dog's tongue), which
naturally brings about an unconditioned response, or UCR (such as salivation).
Douglas Bernstein, Louis A. Penner, Alison Clarke-Stewart,
2007
2
Introduction to Psychology
Consider a child who has developed a fear of a doctor's consulting room (where
he received a painful injection (unconditioned stimulus), now associated with the
consulting room (conditioned stimulus). ln the waiting room, the child meets his ...
3
Introduction to Psychology
Figure 6.2 A conditioned stimulus precedes an unconditioned stimulus. At first,
the conditioned stimulus elicits no response, and the unconditioned stimulus
elicits the unconditioned response. After sufficient pairings, the conditioned
stimulus ...
In this example, a woman comes into the hospital for an intravenous (IV)
chemotherapy treatment (unconditioned stimulus). The chemotherapy drug is
toxic and she becomes nauseated after the treatment (unconditioned response).
According to the theory, learning results when a meaningful or important object,
called an unconditioned stimulus (US, or the dog's food in this example), is
paired with a neutral object, called a conditioned stimulus (CS, or the bell in this ...
Frank Kardes, Maria Cronley, Thomas Cline,
2014
6
Introduction to Psychology
Today, we call Pavlov's procedure classical conditioning, Unconditioned stimulus
. You need to choose an uncondiUCS, is some stimulus that triggers or elicits a
physiological reflex, such as salivation or eye blink. Your unconditioned stimulus
...
Rod Plotnik, Haig Kouyoumdjian,
2013
7
The Psychology of Consumer Behavior
On the one hand, the conditioned stimulus must precede the unconditioned
stimulus in order to predict the unconditioned stimulus. However, we can imagine
circumstances in which the conditioned stimulus could precede the
unconditioned ...
Brian Mullen, Assistant Professor Craig Johnson, PH.D., Craig Johnson,
2013
(ii) Unconditioned Reflex: This is a "unlearned" reflex. Example, salivation in
response to food. Unconditioned reflexes are built into the nervous systems of
most vertebrates. The Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimulus and Response:
Pavlov ...
9
Psychology: An International Perspective
Kamin (1969) showed that classical conditioning does not always occur when a
conditioned stimulus is followed closely by an unconditioned stimulus. The
animals in the experimental group received light (conditioned stimulus 1) paired
with ...
10
The Science of Learning
Possibly the unconditioned stimulus in this procedure interferes with the animals
attention to the conditioned stimulus; that is, the response elicited by the
unconditioned stimulus interferes with the attending responses elicited by the
stimulus ...
НОВОСТИ, В КОТОРЫХ ВСТРЕЧАЕТСЯ ТЕРМИН «UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS»
Здесь показано, как национальная и международная пресса использует термин
unconditioned stimulus в контексте приведенных ниже новостных статей.
Increased anterior insula activity in anxious individuals is linked to …
An unpredictable (that is, unsignaled) electrical stimulation served as an unconditioned stimulus (US) and was delivered during one to two threat contexts each ... «Nature.com, Июн 15»
Inside the Wonderful World of Bee Cognition - Where We're at Now
They do this through associative learning: learning that a 'conditioned stimulus' (for example, the colour yellow) is associated with an 'unconditioned stimulus' ... «Scientific American, Апр 15»
Take These Dividends And Call Me In The Morning: Inoculation For …
Pavlov discovered that conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The pairing of ringing a bell with meat powder ... «Seeking Alpha, Мар 15»
The Garcia Effect Nitpicks A Clockwork Orange So You Don't Have To
The food is what's called the "unconditioned stimulus." It brings on salivation in the dog. The bell is the "conditioned stimulus." It's paired with the food until the ... «io9, Окт 14»
The CIA's Most Highly-Trained Spies Weren't Even Human
The laser is a conditioned stimulus, the breath an unconditioned stimulus. Over time, the spider so associates one with the other that the mere appearance of the ... «Smithsonian, Сен 13»
Lazy Dog Won't Get Out of Bed for Less Than a Distressed Raccoon
Until Drake's conditioned response becomes extinguished due to the habitual absence of a unconditioned stimulus and you're actually mauled by a distressed ... «Gawker, Сен 13»
THC May Be Helpful In Phobia Treatment
Once the participants associated an actual fear (or unconditioned stimulus, e.g. spiders) with an unrelated (or conditioned) stimulus (e.g. ringing of a bell), they ... «Medical Jane, Авг 13»
Mouth watering
After these two stimuli were paired sufficient times, the conditioned stimulus produced the response that was originally evoked by unconditioned stimulus. This is ... «The Hindu, Фев 13»
Inside the Racist Mind
Like other emotional reactions, prejudice develops in the amygdala and is "learned quickly, often after a single presentation of an unconditioned stimulus in a ... «TIME, Апр 12»
Teaching an Electronic Pavlov's Dog: Memristive Devices in …
The classic example is that of Pavlov's dog. In the experiments carried out by Ivan Pavlov in 1929, a dog was presented with food (the unconditioned stimulus) ... «Materials Views, Апр 12»