PUNITIVE TAXATION SÖZCÜĞÜ İNGILIZCE DİLİNDE NE ANLAMA GELİR?
Pigovalı vergi
Pigovya vergisi, negatif dışsallıklar üreten bir piyasa faaliyetine uygulanan bir vergidir. Vergi, verimsiz bir piyasa sonucunu düzeltmek ve negatif dışsallıklara eşit olarak koymak suretiyle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Olumsuz dışsallıkların varlığında, piyasa faaliyetinin sosyal maliyeti, faaliyetin özel maliyeti tarafından karşılanmaz. Böyle bir durumda, pazar sonuçları verimli değildir ve ürünün aşırı tüketimine neden olabilir. Böyle dışsallığın sık sık alıntılanan bir örneği, çevre kirliliği. Pozitif dışsallıkların, yani bir piyasa faaliyetinden elde edilen kamu yararlarının varlığı durumunda, fayda sağlayanlara ödeme yapmazlar ve piyasada ürün temin edilemeyebilir. Benzer mantık, kullanıcılara ekstra fayda sağlamak ve daha fazla üretim yapmak için Pigovalı bir sübvansiyon oluşturulmasını öneriyor. Bazen aktarılan örnek, grip aşısının sağlanması için bir sübvansiyondur. Pigovalı vergiler, ekonomik dışsallık kavramını da geliştiren ekonomist Arthur Pigou'nun adını alıyor. William Baumol, Pigou'nun modern ekonomideki çalışmalarının çerçevelendirilmesinde önemli bir araçtı.
İngilizce sözlükte punitive taxation sözcüğünün tanımı
Sözlükteki cezalandırılmış vergilendirmenin tanımı, çok ağır olan ve insanlar ödeme yapmak çok zor olan vergilendirme biçimidir.
«PUNITIVE TAXATION» İLE İLİŞKİLİ İNGILIZCE KİTAPLAR
punitive taxation sözcüğünün kullanımını aşağıdaki kaynakça seçkisinde keşfedin.
punitive taxation ile ilişkili kitaplar ve İngilizce edebiyattaki kullanımı ile ilgili bağlam sağlaması için küçük metinler.
1
Herod's Judaea: A Mediterranean State in the Classical World
Pastor, discussing taxation during Herod's reign, highlights two points - that
taxation under Herod was no lower or higher than that of the successive Roman
administration, and that Herod, at least twice, resorted to punitive taxation of his ...
2
The Development of Property
Taxation in Economies in ...
Some propose punitive taxation of such structures to encourage utilization or
transfer. Others propose exemptions to make completion or utilization more
affordable. Neither strategy confronts the reality that construction methods that
made ...
Jane H. Malme, Joan M. Youngman,
2001
3
Towards Ecological
Taxation: The Efficacy of ...
The increasing rates of tax arising from the reducing baseline emission (from 15
% to 35% per 5g/km) of CO2 for the first three years of this tax reform result in
more punitive taxation rates for the future. This increase in taxation is foreseeable
...
4
On Liberty: A Translation into Modern English
Punitive taxation This raises another important issue. Should the state – while
permitting conduct it deems contrary to the best interests of the agent –
nonetheless seek to discourage it indirectly? For example, should the
government take ...
5
Damon - The Providence of Pan
... apart, and destroying the community spirit more effectively than anything else
governments had come up with before to that end. With the community spirit dead
, imposing even more punitive taxation and restricting laws became nothing ...
... demand damages. Confiscatory taxation, that's the only way to describe it.
Confiscatory and punitive taxation, and if you think for one moment Wembling
and Company is going to play the sucker and let you get away with an illegal tax
grab-" ...
DoN'T PuNIsH suCCEss Punitive taxation of corporations and of high-income
earners also hurts workers and low-income earners. For whatever hurts profits
and capital accumulation, whatever discourages saving and investment, means ...
... just wage without punitive taxation, for his work, he will spend all of his wage
on the necessities of life and not accumulate any wealth.7 Factually, punitive
taxation coupled with unjust wages furthers the impoverished condition of the
working ...
9
The Church and the Market: A Catholic Defense of the Free ...
77 In his Essay on the Restoration of Property, Belloc made clear that the power
of government would have to be harnessed on behalf of distributism, in the form
of punitive taxation against large concerns and other such coercive measures.
10
The Striking Cabbies of Cairo and Other Stories: Crafts and ...
But illicit tax evasion, based on the remnants of guild power, yet also signifying
the breakdown of the corporate solidarity of the guilds, defended significant
numbers of crafts and service workers against punitive taxation.20 New Avenues
of ...
«PUNITIVE TAXATION» TERİMİNİ İÇEREN HABERLER
Ulusal ve uluslararası basında konuşulanları ve
punitive taxation teriminin aşağıdaki haberlerde hangi bağlamda kullanıldığını keşfedin.
Austrian brothel offers free sex in protest over 'punitive tax payments'
Mueller, who also operates brothels in four other cities in Germany and Austria, has complained about what he calls punitive taxation and regulations. He said ... «Ukraine Today, Haz 15»
Punitive taxation, extreme tobacco control regulations fuel growth in …
The combined effect of high and discriminatory central and state level taxation has impacted the legal cigarette industry, sub-optimised government's revenue ... «Financial Express, Haz 15»
Punitive Taxation Means British Now Drink a Fifth Less Than a …
Excessive taxation has been blamed after a new report reveals that the average Briton now drinks a fifth less alcohol a year than a decade ago, and centuries of ... «Breitbart News, Eyl 14»
Fat taxes don't work
In which case maybe the sugar tax should be set higher. Punitive taxation certainly helped reduce tobacco consumption, but do we really want to see the £3 can ... «The Independent, Kas 13»