VIROID SÖZCÜĞÜ İNGILIZCE DİLİNDE NE ANLAMA GELİR?
viroid
Viroidler, kısa sürede tamamlayıcı, dairesel, tek sarmallı RNA'dan oluşan bitki patojenleridir. Buna karşılık, kendi kendine enfeksiyona neden olan bilinen en küçük virüslerin genomu yaklaşık 2 kilobaz büyüklüğündedir. İnsan patojeni Hepatit D Virüsü, viroidlere benzer. Viroid genomları, 246 - 467 nükleotid arasında değişen ve 10.000'den az atomdan oluşan, son derece küçük boyuttadır. Viroid'ler keşfedildi ve Theodor Otto Diener, Maryland Tarım Araştırmaları Servisi'nde bitki patoloğu tarafından 1971'de isimlendirildi. Viroid RNA herhangi bir protein kodlamıyor. Çoğaltma mekanizması, normalde DNA'dan gelen haberci RNA'nın senteziyle ilişkili olan ve RNA'nın şablon olarak RNA'sını kullanarak yeni RNA'nın "yuvarlanan halka" sentezini katalize eden bir konakçı hücre enzimi olan RNA polimeraz II'yi kullanıyor. Bazı viroidler kendinden yarılmaya ve daha büyük replikasyon ara ürünlerinden birim büyüklükteki genomların ligasyonuna izin veren katalitik özelliklere sahip olan ribozimlerdir. Saptanan ilk viroid, Patates iğsi yumrusu viroid idi. Bazı 33 tür tespit edilmiştir.
İngilizce sözlükte viroid sözcüğünün tanımı
Sözlükte viroid'in tanımı, bir virüsten daha küçük ve bazı bitki hastalıklarına neden olduğu bilinen çeşitli enfektif RNA parçacıklarından herhangi biridir.
«VIROID» İLE İLİŞKİLİ İNGILIZCE KİTAPLAR
viroid sözcüğünün kullanımını aşağıdaki kaynakça seçkisinde keşfedin.
viroid ile ilişkili kitaplar ve İngilizce edebiyattaki kullanımı ile ilgili bağlam sağlaması için küçük metinler.
1
Viroid Life: Perspectives on Nietzsche and the Transhuman ...
A bold and thought-provoking look at the future of the human, Viroid Life is essential reading for anyone interested in continental philosophy, cultural studies and social theory.
Keith Ansell Pearson,
2012
2
Microbial Plant Pathogens-Detection and Disease Diagnosis:: ...
Inclusion of numerous protocols in appropriate chapters as appendix is a unique feature of this volume.
3
Plant Virus and
Viroid Diseases in the Tropics: Volume 1: ...
(9) Movement Limited information is available about the pathways and
mechanism of viroid movement inside the host plant. The viroids after entering in
a potential host cell, it has to move to either the nucleus (Pospiviroidae) or
chloroplast ...
K. Subramanya Sastry,
2013
This work presents information on viroids and viroid diseases. It provides a single source of information on the properties of viroids, the economic impact of viroid diseases and methods for their detection and control.
5
Viroids and Satellites: Molecular Parasites at the Frontier ...
Viroid replication occurs via RNA intermediates of opposite polarity and does not
involve DNA. In sharp contrast to viral RNAs, viroids do not function as mRNAs,
hence viroids must be replicated by pre-existing host enzymes. The presence of ...
6
Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee ...
genus APsCAviroid Type species Apple scar skin viroid Distinguishing features
Circular ssRNAs between 306 and 369 nt depending on species and sequence
variants. The most stable secondary structure is a rod-like or quasi-rod-like ...
Andrew MQ King, Elliot Lefkowitz, Michael J. Adams,
2011
(2012). 2. Cytopathic Effects Various effects of viroid infection on cellular
structures have been reported. For example, in some infections by members of
the Pospiviroidae changes have been observed in membranous structures called
...
8
Diseases of Horticultural Crops: Fruits
25. Viroid. Diseases. of. Fruits. P. RAMACHANDRAN 1. INTRODUCTION Viroids
are the smallest plant pathogens known to date. They consist of unencapsidated,
circular, single-stranded RNA of 240 to 375 bases (Diener, 1971). Since their ...
9
Principles of Molecular Virology
Virusoids are satellite, viroid-like molecules, a bit larger than viroids (
approximately 1000 nucleotides), which are dependent on the presence of virus
replication for their multiplication (the reason they are called satellites). They are
packaged ...
Viroid-group Viroid-subgroup Viroid Abbreviation Length (nucleotides) A. ASBV-
group ASBV-subgroup Avocado sunblotch viroid ASBV 246-250 Chrysanthemum
chlorotic mottle viroid CChMV 398-399 Peach latent mosaic viroid PLMV 337 B.
D. Söll, S. Nishimura, P. Moore,
2001
«VIROID» TERİMİNİ İÇEREN HABERLER
Ulusal ve uluslararası basında konuşulanları ve
viroid teriminin aşağıdaki haberlerde hangi bağlamda kullanıldığını keşfedin.
Costa Rica bans Mexican, Guatemalan avocados
Costa Rica has banned imports of avocados from Mexico, Guatemala and other countries over sunblotch viroid concerns. The measure is temporary, according ... «The Packer, Tem 15»
More Food Safety Issues Popping Up on WTO Committee Agenda
Costa Rica's measure to temporarily suspend import certificates for avocados because of the avocado tree disease called sunblotch viroid raised concerns from ... «Food Safety News, Tem 15»
Resistance test to Hop Stunt Viroid on 26 apricot varieties
The apricot species is susceptible to infection by different viruses and viroids including the HSVd, widely distributed around the world and described as the ... «FreshPlaza, Tem 15»
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión
Productores de aguacate costarricenses avalan suspensión de importaciones Costa Rica busca evitar la entrada de la plaga "avocado sunblotch viroid". «elDinero, Haz 15»
"Costa Rica Sunblotch free, Mexico reported it 2010"
Among other ways, seeds can transmit the viroid. However, there are fruits that present symptoms and others that don't. The fruits with symptoms are not sold, ... «FreshPlaza, Haz 15»
Stuart Newman: The Virosphere And Non-Linear Evolution
Suzan Mazur: But many scientists are saying we can no longer ignore the virosphere, which is ubiquitous. Some say that a viroid-like entity may have been the ... «Scoop.co.nz, May 15»
Workshop to help South Australian growers prepare for potato pests
“Potato spindle tuber viroid has recently been declared endemic in Australia and Dr Lye will be able to update the industry on the latest developments and ... «PotatoPro, May 15»
Supply of avocados beginning to dwindle after Costa Rica imposes …
... countries as well as the U.S. state of Florida due to the presence of a virus known as Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBV) affecting the fruit in those countries. «Inside Costa Rica, May 15»
Avocado prices to soar in Costa Rica
... Avocado Sunblotch Viroid, also called “sunblotch.” Included in this affliction is the Haas avocado, which is the most popular avocado in the world, according to ... «FreshPlaza, May 15»
The "First Replicon" on Earth? A Chat With Virologist Ricardo Flores
Flores thinks viruses may be "the most important faction of the [planet's] biomass" and that a viroid-like entity is a prime candidate for the first replicon on Earth. «Huffington Post, May 15»