ЩО INCUMBENCY ОЗНАЧАЄ У АНГЛІЙСЬКА?
Діючий
Поточний політичний діяч є існуючим власником політичного офісу. Цей термін зазвичай використовується у відношенні до виборів, в якій гонки часто можна визначити як такі, що складаються між чинним та неіснуючим. Наприклад, на президентських виборах в США на 2012 рік президент Барак Обама перебував на цій посаді, тому що він був президентом на попередньому терміну, тоді як вибори намагалися визначити президента на поточний термін. Гонка без діючої команди називається відкритим місцем.
Визначення incumbency у англійська словнику
Визначення обов'язків у словнику - це стан чи якість існуючого. Інше визначення повноважень - це посада, обов'язок чи володіння чинним представником.
АНГЛІЙСЬКА ЦИТАТИ ІЗ «INCUMBENCY»
Відомі цитати та речення зі словом
incumbency.
Incumbency adds a layer of advantage on top of this party dominance. But rather than foster an environment in which members of Congress feel free to buck popular sentiment and wrestle seriously with the problems confronting the country, it reinforces the ideological divide between the parties.
The power of incumbency cannot be underestimated.
India's national elections are really an aggregate of thirty different state elections, each influenced by its own local considerations, regional political currents, and different patterns of political incumbency.
10 АНГЛІЙСЬКА КНИЖКИ ПОВ'ЯЗАНІ ІЗ «INCUMBENCY»
Дізнайтеся про вживання
incumbency з наступної бібліографічної підбірки. Книжки пов'язані зі словом
incumbency та короткі уривки з них для забезпечення контексту його використання в англійська літературі.
1
Reassessing the
Incumbency Effect
This book argues that House incumbents have not improved their electoral fortunes in recent decades.
Jeffrey M. Stonecash,
2008
2
Political Campaign Communication: Principles and Practices
Styles (incumbency, challenger, and incumbent / challenger) are a product of
whatever candidates and their staffs believe is needed at a particular time within
the context of their particular campaign. Therefore, the best way to understand
them ...
Judith S. Trent, Robert V. Friedenberg, Robert E. Denton Jr.,
2011
3
The American Campaign, Second Edition: U.S. Presidential ...
Does presidential incumbency make a difference to presidential elections and,
more specifically, to the effects of the campaign on the election results? The
answer to this question may not be so simple. The advantages of presidential ...
4
Congress Responds to the Twentieth Century
The analysis as a whole, despite examining different years with differently
specified models, strongly concurs with Abramowitz's findings. See Abramowitz, "
Incumbency, Campaign Spending, and the Decline of Competition in U.S. House
...
Sunil Ahuja, Robert E. Dewhirst,
2003
5
Sizing Up the Senate: The Unequal Consequences of Equal ...
From these results, we reject the first possible outcome described above: state
population does not simply enhance the incumbency advantage of senators from
less populous states. Thus these findings demand that we revise conventional ...
Frances E. Lee, Bruce I. Oppenheimer,
1999
6
Legal Opinions in International Transactions: Report of the ...
In the typical US incumbency certificate, the certifying corporate officer states that
the signature specimen of certain officers appearing in the incumbency certificate
are the genuine signatures of such officers. The corporate officers whose ...
Michael Gruson, Stephan Hutter, Michael Kutschera,
2003
7
The Fallacy of Campaign Finance Reform
Other measures also show that the number of competitive House seats declined
from 1992 to 2000.18 Political scientists often define incumbency advantage in a
single legislative district as the difference between the proportion of the vote ...
8
Politicians and Party Politics
Politicians. as. Prize. Fighters. Electoral. Selection. and. Incumbency. Advantage.
John. Zaller. Leading accounts of congressional politics stress the capacity of
House incumbents to develop strong ties with their constituents. By dint of ...
9
Elbridge Gerry's Salamander: The Electoral Consequences of ...
The Incumbency Advantage If one measures the incumbency advantage by the
expected loss suffered by a party when one of its incumbents involuntarily
departs, the Democrats never show a statistically significant incumbency
advantage.
Gary W. Cox, Jonathan N. Katz,
2002
10
Gender, Informal Institutions and Political Recruitment: ...
At lower levels of male incumbency, a high clientelist influence in the political life
leads to an increase in male parliamentary dominance, but when male
incumbency is already pronounced, clientelism simply helps to maintain it. Where
male ...
НОВИНИ ІЗ ТЕРМІНОМ «INCUMBENCY»
Дізнайтеся, що обговорювала національна та міжнародна преса, і як термін
incumbency вживається в контексті наступних новин.
DRESCHEL: More questions than answers regarding ranked ballots
It's an open question how ranked ballots might impact the incumbency advantage. It's also an open question of how the change might come ... «Hamilton Spectator, Липень 15»
More questions than answers regarding ranked ballots
It's an open question how ranked ballots might impact the incumbency advantage. It's also an open question of how the change might come ... «Hamilton Spectator, Липень 15»
A new old face : Rutland Herald Online
Incumbency has its advantages, but it has disadvantages as well. Smith could be tarred by association with some of Shumlin's more ... «Rutland Herald, Липень 15»
Chandrababu rings a false alarm | Business Line
... 2004 loss in the absence of any other hard evidence seems to be plain voter discontent and anti-incumbency uniformly across all sections. «Hindu Business Line, Липень 15»
(NASDAQ:INTC), QUALCOMM Incorporated, (NASDAQ:QCOM)
Improved Incumbency Advantage: Provides additional incentives based on the program level by increasing the discount for resellers as the ... «wsnewspublishers, Липень 15»
State-funded iftar stirs debate - The Telegraph
... but the arrangement is believed to have been in place since the latter half of the 1980s, with a five-year break during Kalam's incumbency. «Calcutta Telegraph, Липень 15»
Getting to know Catharine Baker | News | PleasantonWeekly.com |
The election landscape will be different for Baker in 2016. She'll have one term and incumbency under her belt, and a bullseye on her back. «Pleasanton Weekly, Липень 15»
Office holders in elected Rock Island County positions often not …
Officials appointed to their jobs before an election do gain the advantage of incumbency in the next election if they choose to run. Sheriff Gerry ... «Quad-Cities Online, Липень 15»
Continuity and Change (2), Articles | THISDAY LIVE
... and gestures in his prior incumbency of offices of national political prominence. I argued that he should feel obliged to demonstrate sensitivity ... «THISDAY Live, Липень 15»
Performance legitimacy
Incumbency helps in other ways too. The electoral-boundaries review committee, for example, is suspected of tinkering with constituencies to ... «The Economist, Липень 15»