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在"英语"词典里Bradley effect}的意思

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词典
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单词 BRADLEY EFFECT的词源

After the failure of polls to predict the defeat of Tom Bradley (1917-1998), an African-American candidate, in the 1982 election for the governorship of California.
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语源学是对单词起源和它们的结构和意义变化的研究
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英语中BRADLEY EFFECT的发音

Bradley effect play
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BRADLEY EFFECT的语法类别

noun
形容词
动词
副词
代词
介词
连词
限定词
感叹词

BRADLEY EFFECT在英语中的意思是什么?

点击查看«Bradley effect»在英语词典里的原始定义
点击查看在中文词典里此定义的自动翻译
Bradley effect

布拉德利效应

Bradley effect

布拉德利的效应(通常不称为“荒野”效应)是一种理论,旨在解释在美国政府选举中的选民投票和选举结果之间观察到的差异,白人候选人和非白人候选人相互竞争。 这个理论提出一些选民会告诉民意调查人员,他们是未决定的,有可能投票给黑人候选人,而在大选当天他们投票选出白人候选人。 这位以洛杉矶市长汤姆·布拉德利(Tom Bradley)为名,非洲裔美国人,尽管在选民投票进入选举之前,却失去了1982年加州州长的比赛。 布拉德利效应理论认为,不准确的民意调查被社会期望偏见的现象所扭曲。 具体来说,一些白人选民给予不准确的投票回应,因为担心,通过说明他们的真正偏好,他们将开放批评种族动机。 市民可能会承受压力,提出被认为更为公众可接受或“政治上正确”的答案。 提供准确投票答案的不情愿有时也延伸到选举后退出民意调查。 The Bradley effect, less commonly called the Wilder effect, is a theory proposed to explain observed discrepancies between voter opinion polls and election outcomes in some United States government elections where a white candidate and a non-white candidate run against each other. The theory proposes that some voters will tell pollsters they are undecided or likely to vote for a black candidate, while on election day they vote for the white candidate. It was named after Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African-American who lost the 1982 California governor's race despite being ahead in voter polls going into the elections. The Bradley effect theory posits that the inaccurate polls were skewed by the phenomenon of social desirability bias. Specifically, some white voters give inaccurate polling responses for fear that, by stating their true preference, they will open themselves to criticism of racial motivation. Members of the public may feel under pressure to provide an answer that is deemed to be more publicly acceptable, or 'politically correct'. The reluctance to give accurate polling answers has sometimes extended to post-election exit polls as well.

在英语 词典里Bradley effect的定义

在字典中布拉德利效应的定义是由于受访者不愿承认被认为是社会不可接受的偏好而导致的民意调查的失真。

The definition of Bradley effect in the dictionary is the distortion of opinion polls caused by the reluctance of respondents to admit to a preference that is regarded as socially unacceptable.

点击查看«Bradley effect»在英语词典里的原始定义
点击查看在中文词典里此定义的自动翻译

BRADLEY EFFECT一样开头的英语单词

Bradbury
Bradford
Bradford score
Bradlaugh
Bradley
Bradman
Bradmanesque
Bradshaw
Bradstreet
bradycardia
bradycardiac
bradykinesia
bradykinin
bradypeptic
bradyseism
brae
Braeburn
braeheid
Braemar

BRADLEY EFFECT一样开头的英语单词

affect
butterfly effect
domino effect
effect
greenhouse effect
ground effect
Hall effect
halo effect
in effect
knock-on effect
law of effect
multiplier effect
perfect
photoelectric effect
placebo effect
ripple effect
side effect
skin effect
sound effect
take effect
toxic effect

英语近义词词典里Bradley effect的近义词和反义词

近义词

«Bradley effect»的25种语言翻译

翻译者
online translator

BRADLEY EFFECT的翻译

通过我们的英语多语言翻译器,找到Bradley effect25种语言翻译
该章节所呈现的将Bradley effect由 英语向其他语言的翻译是通过自动统计翻译获得的;在英语中基本的翻译单位是单词«Bradley effect»。

翻译者英语 - 中文

布莱德利效应
1,325 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 西班牙语

efecto Bradley
570 数百万发言者

英语

Bradley effect
510 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 印地语

ब्राडली प्रभाव
380 数百万发言者
ar

翻译者英语 - 阿拉伯语

تأثير برادلي
280 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 俄语

эффект Брэдли
278 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 葡萄牙语

efeito Bradley
270 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 孟加拉语

ব্র্যাডলি প্রভাব
260 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 法语

effet Bradley
220 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 马来语

Kesan Bradley
190 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 德语

Bradley-Effekt
180 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 日语

ブラッドリー効果
130 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 韩语

브래들리 효과
85 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 印尼爪哇语

Bradley efek
85 数百万发言者
vi

翻译者英语 - 越南语

hiệu ứng Bradley
80 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 泰米尔语

பிராட்லி விளைவு
75 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 马拉地语

ब्रॅडली प्रभाव
75 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 土耳其语

Bradley efekti
70 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 意大利语

effetto Bradley
65 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 波兰语

efekt Bradleya
50 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 乌克兰语

ефект Бредлі
40 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 罗马尼亚语

efect Bradley
30 数百万发言者
el

翻译者英语 - 希腊语

Bradley αποτέλεσμα
15 数百万发言者
af

翻译者英语 - 布尔语(南非荷兰语)

Bradley effek
14 数百万发言者
sv

翻译者英语 - 瑞典语

Bradley effekt
10 数百万发言者
no

翻译者英语 - 挪威语

Bradley -effekten
5 数百万发言者

Bradley effect的使用趋势

趋势

词语 «BRADLEY EFFECT»的使用趋势

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极少使用
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此处所显示的地图给出了词语«Bradley effect»在不同国家的使用频率。
Bradley effect的主要搜索趋势和常见用法
用户为查找我们的英语在线词典以及单词«Bradley effect»的最常用表达而进行的主要搜索的列表。

Bradley effect的英语文献、引用和新闻中的使用范例

示例

«BRADLEY EFFECT»相关的英语书籍

在以下的参考文献中发现Bradley effect的用法。与Bradley effect相关的书籍以及同一来源的简短摘要提供其在 英语文献中的使用情境。
1
The Blue Streak: A Hacker's Guide to Special Relativity
While two triangles with the angles, arj and <j>x & or2 ^d 4>i always share the same Hypotenuse, the telescope is pointed in the direction of the observed (but virtual) position of the star for Bradley's Effect and in the direction of telescope ...
Alexander Rein, 2003
2
The Distinguishable Gentleman and the Presidential Race Of '08
Many pundits laid the facts on the line. If Obama had been a Caucasian, the results of the race would have been predicted and settled months ago, but because Obama was a black man and the whispers of the infamous Bradley Effect of 1982 ...
Julia Tolliver, 2011
3
What Can You Say?: America's National Conversation on Race
The interesting additional possibility Scheiber raised is that this “effect effect” was an advantage for Obama: “the Bradley-effect effect actually benefits Obama. Is it so crazy to think working class voters will react to the racism charge by going out  ...
John Hartigan Jr., 2010
4
Democracy in America: 2010
It was referred to as the “Bradley effect.” The Bradley Effect The Bradley effect was first identified in the California gubernatorial race when Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley was the Democratic candidate and, according to the polls, seemed to ...
Xavier L. Suarez, 2011
5
Introduction to Logic
But some thought he'd be defeated by the “Bradley effect,” whereby many whites say they'll vote for a black candidate but in fact don't. Barack's wife Michelle, in a CNN interview with Larry King (October 8), argued that there wouldn't be a ...
Harry J. Gensler, 2010
6
Research Methods in Anthropology
BOX 8.8 BARACK OBAMA AND THE BRADLEY EFFECT In 1982, Tom Bradley, the mayor of Los Angeles, ran against George Deukmejian for the office of governor of California. Bradley was ahead in the polls for the governorship of ...
H. Russell Bernard, 2011
7
The Election of Barack Obama: Race and Politics in America
After New Hampshire, some Obama supporters became worried about a controversial political phenomenon called the Bradley effect.The Bradley effect was named for former Los Angeles mayor David Bradley. Mayor Bradley, an African ...
Jason Porterfield, 2010
8
Bloggers on the Bus: How the Internet Changed Politics and ...
The Bradley Effect suggested that white voters told pollsters they were going to vote for a black candidate, but then, in the privacy of the voting booth, they did not . Spaulding, too, was wondering about the Bradley Effect that night.
Eric Boehlert, 2009
9
The Presidential Campaign of Barack Obama: A Critical ...
The term Bradley effect originated with this gubernatorial race. Bradley, a Democrat, ran against George Deukmejian, a white Republican. Public opinion polls leading up to the election consistently showed Bradley with a lead in the race.
Dewey M. Clayton, 2010
10
Black Battle, White Knight: The Authorized Biography of ...
My big thing was that I thought the “Bradley Effect” would kill his chances to win in America. The “Bradley Effect” is that circumstance in which white people may say in public they may vote for a black candidate; meanwhile, in the voting booth, ...
Michael Battle, 2011

包含词语«BRADLEY EFFECT»的新条目

找出国内和国际出版社所讨论的内容,以及词语Bradley effect在以下新条目的上下文中是如何使用的。
1
Bernie in Bush-Obama America: A Movement or a Candidate?
In polling circles this is known as the "Bradley effect" or the "Wilder effect" or the "Dinkins effect." Will it also be known as the Obama effect?". «Huffington Post, 六月 15»
2
Pollster took pulse of an opinionated California
(The phenomenon came to be known as the Bradley Effect.) Field, chagrined, announced an internal investigation of his operation to determine ... «Bend Bulletin, 六月 15»
3
The Swami is Gone; Can We Kill the “Bradley Effect”?
bradley_tom In some of the tributes to our late friend and mentor Mervin Field (we name no names), the old, discredited “Bradley Effect” raised ... «Calbuzz, 六月 15»
4
Mervin Field Dies at 94; Took Pulse of California as Pollster
(The phenomenon came to be known as the Bradley Effect.) Advertisement. Continue reading the main story. Advertisement. Continue reading ... «New York Times, 六月 15»
5
Trailblazing California pollster Mervin Field dead at 94
Political observers christened the miscue the “Bradley Effect,'' in which nonwhite candidates tend to do better in polling than in reality — a ... «SFGate, 六月 15»
6
Editorial: The polling problem
This would be a sort of partisan version of the so-called Bradley Effect, named after former Mayor Tom Bradley of Los Angeles, in which voters ... «The Providence Journal, 六月 15»
7
Cameron's Conservatives in Surprise British Election Victory
In American elections, voters may misrepresent their choices if a black candidate is running; the Bradley Effect. Last night, the Thatcher Effect ... «The Weekly Standard, 五月 15»
8
The Bradley Effect and the Spiral of Silence
Increasingly the term "Bradley Effect" is being discussed. The psychology of voters and pollsters is fascinating but is largely unknown and ... «Irish Independent, 三月 15»
9
Rich White Bay Area Community Pretty Sure Little Brown Girl Doesn …
California is home to the Bradley effect, so in a way, this story shouldn't surprise us. Nonetheless, this tale is impressive for its imaginative ... «Wonkette, 十二月 14»
10
The Tom Bradley Effect
Tom Bradley, seen here with entertainer and activist Lena Horne, broke barriers as the first black mayor of Los Angeles. In 2008 on the 10th ... «Legacy.com, 九月 12»

参考文献
« EDUCALINGO. Bradley effect [在线]. 可用 <https://educalingo.com/zh/dic-en/bradley-effect>. 五月 2024 ».
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