在"英语"词典里coinfect}的意思

在英语中COINFECT的发音

coinfect  [ˌkəʊɪnˈfɛkt]

COINFECT在英语中的意思是什么？

合并感染

Coinfection

在寄生虫学中，共同感染/ˌkoʊɪnfɛkʃən/是多种病原体同时感染宿主。 在病毒学中，共感染包括由两个或多个病毒颗粒同时感染单个细胞。 一个例子是肝细胞与乙型肝炎病毒和戊型肝炎病毒的共同感染，其可以通过初始感染逐渐增加，然后是超感染。 全球流行或人类共感染发病率未知，但被认为是常见的，有时比单次感染更常见。 与蠕虫共同感染全球约8亿人。 共感染特别是人类健康的重要性，因为病原体物种可以在宿主内相互作用。 合并感对人体健康的净影响被认为是负面的。 相互作用可能对其他寄生虫有积极或消极作用。 在阳性寄生虫相互作用下，疾病传播和进展得到加强，这也被称为综合征。

In parasitology, coinfection /ˌkoʊɪnˈfɛkʃən/ is the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species. In virology, coinfection includes simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more virus particles. An example is the coinfection of liver cells with Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis D virus, which can arise incrementally by initial infection followed by superinfection. Global prevalence or incidence of coinfection among humans is unknown, but it is thought to be commonplace, sometimes more common than single infection. Coinfection with helminths affects around 800 million people worldwide. Coinfection is of particular human health importance because pathogen species can interact within the host. The net effect of coinfection on human health is thought to be negative. Interactions can have either positive or negative effects on other parasites. Under positive parasite interactions, disease transmission and progression are enhanced and this is also known as syndemism.

在英语 词典里coinfect的定义

字典中的合成的定义是与其他感染同时感染。

英语动词COINFECT的变化形式

PRESENT

Present

I coinfect

you coinfect

he/she/it coinfects

we coinfect

you coinfect

they coinfect

Present continuous

I am coinfecting

you are coinfecting

he/she/it is coinfecting

we are coinfecting

you are coinfecting

they are coinfecting

Present perfect

I have coinfected

you have coinfected

he/she/it has coinfected

we have coinfected

you have coinfected

they have coinfected

Present perfect continuous

I have been coinfecting

you have been coinfecting

he/she/it has been coinfecting

we have been coinfecting

you have been coinfecting

they have been coinfecting

PAST

Past

I coinfected

you coinfected

he/she/it coinfected

we coinfected

you coinfected

they coinfected

Past continuous

I was coinfecting

you were coinfecting

he/she/it was coinfecting

we were coinfecting

you were coinfecting

they were coinfecting

Past perfect

I had coinfected

you had coinfected

he/she/it had coinfected

we had coinfected

you had coinfected

they had coinfected

Past perfect continuous

I had been coinfecting

you had been coinfecting

he/she/it had been coinfecting

we had been coinfecting

you had been coinfecting

they had been coinfecting

FUTURE

Future

I will coinfect

you will coinfect

he/she/it will coinfect

we will coinfect

you will coinfect

they will coinfect

Future continuous

I will be coinfecting

you will be coinfecting

he/she/it will be coinfecting

we will be coinfecting

you will be coinfecting

they will be coinfecting

Future perfect

I will have coinfected

you will have coinfected

he/she/it will have coinfected

we will have coinfected

you will have coinfected

they will have coinfected

Future perfect continuous

I will have been coinfecting

you will have been coinfecting

he/she/it will have been coinfecting

we will have been coinfecting

you will have been coinfecting

they will have been coinfecting

CONDITIONAL

Conditional

I would coinfect

you would coinfect

he/she/it would coinfect

we would coinfect

you would coinfect

they would coinfect

Conditional continuous

I would be coinfecting

you would be coinfecting

he/she/it would be coinfecting

we would be coinfecting

you would be coinfecting

they would be coinfecting

Conditional perfect

I would have coinfect

you would have coinfect

he/she/it would have coinfect

we would have coinfect

you would have coinfect

they would have coinfect

Conditional perfect continuous

I would have been coinfecting

you would have been coinfecting

he/she/it would have been coinfecting

we would have been coinfecting

you would have been coinfecting

they would have been coinfecting

IMPERATIVE

Imperative

you coinfect
we let´s coinfect
you coinfect

NONFINITE VERB FORMS

Infinitive

to coinfect

Past participle

coinfected

Present Participle

coinfecting

COINFECT的翻译

通过我们的英语多语言翻译器,找到coinfect的25种语言翻译

该章节所呈现的将coinfect由 英语向其他语言的翻译是通过自动统计翻译获得的；在英语中基本的翻译单位是单词«coinfect»。

• 翻译者英语 - 中文: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 西班牙语: coinfectar
• 英语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 印地语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 阿拉伯语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 俄语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 葡萄牙语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 孟加拉语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 法语: co-infecter
• 翻译者英语 - 马来语: Coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 德语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 日语: 同時感染
• 翻译者英语 - 韩语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 印尼爪哇语: Coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 越南语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 泰米尔语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 马拉地语: योगायोग
• 翻译者英语 - 土耳其语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 意大利语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 波兰语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 乌克兰语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 罗马尼亚语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 希腊语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 布尔语(南非荷兰语): coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 瑞典语: coinfect
• 翻译者英语 - 挪威语: coinfect

与 «COINFECT»相关的英语书籍

在以下的参考文献中发现coinfect的用法。与coinfect相关的书籍以及同一来源的简短摘要提供其在 英语文献中的使用情境。

Mycoviruses

Coinfection of fungi with two or more viruses is of common occur- rence. For example, two dsRNA viruses, the totivirus HvV190S and the chrysovirus HvV145S, coinfect Cochliobolus victoriae (Sanderlin & Ghabrial, 1978), and two totiviruses, ...

‎2013

Viral Infections and Global Change

The segmentation of the arenavirus genome confers the potential for the reassortment of their segments when different viruses coinfect the same cell ( Figure 16.1a and 16.3b). Although the possibility to coinfect cultured cells has been ...

Sunit K. Singh, 2013

Problem solving guide and solutions manual to accompany ...

Coinfect E. coli K12(X) with both mutants. If phage are produced, they lie at the same site. ii. Coinfect E. coli KMX) with both mutants. If phage are not produced, they lie at the same site. iii. Coinfect E. coli B with both mutants and plate the ...

Gail Patt, Peter J. Russell, Anita Bennett, 1994

Cell Biology, Four-Volume Set: A Laboratory Handbook

Infect 73/29 cells in one 6-cm dish (2 ¥ 106 cells seeded the day before) with 1ml of the lysate from the second amplification and coinfect with 5 MOI of helper virus. 9. Again harvest cells 48h after infection when complete cpe is visible and spin ...

Julio E. Celis, Nigel Carter, Kai Simons, 2005

Bacteriophage Ecology: Population Growth, Evolution, and ...

202 the average number of virus particles that can successfully coinfect a single cell (of its usual host, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) has been enumerated (Olkkonen and Bamford, 1989; Turner et al., 1999): only one, two, or three ...

Stephen T. Abedon, 2008

Vaccinia Virus and Poxvirology: Methods and Protocols

Double Infection Protocol To enhance recombinant protein production, the T7 promoter-regulated gene of interest can be incorporated into the genome of a second recombinant virus, which is then used to coinfect cells with the virus ...

Stuart N. Isaacs, 2004

Adaptive Dynamics of Infectious Diseases: In Pursuit of ...

This sort of derivation points out an often neglected subtlety of the super- and coinfection processes: the existence of a discontinuous function relating virulence to the ability to coinfect or superinfect (Pugliese 2000). Let the coinfection function ...

Ulf Dieckmann, Johan A. J. Metz, Maurice W. Sabelis, 2005

Genetics: Analysis & Principles:

rII strain 2 (gene A is defective, gene B is normal) rII strain 1 (gene A is defective, gene B is normal) gene A gene B gene A gene B Coinfect E. coliK12 (λ) Plate and observe if plaques are formed. No plaques No complementation occurs, ...

Robert J. Brooker, 2009

Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens

That is, genetic changes in viruses can occur when two or more viruses coinfect host cells and exchange genetic information during replication. The genetic changes can involve major changes or substitutions in whole genes, genomic regions ...

Committee on Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens, Board on Life Sciences, Water Science and Technology Board, 2004

Evolutionary Genetics : Concepts and Case Studies: Concepts ...

Those defective genomes can be copied when they coinfect with full genomes that provide the needed viral gene products (Holland 1990). The shortened genomes often replicate faster than the full genomes, probably because there is less ...

Lexington Charles W. Fox Department of Entomology University of Kentucky, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Jason B. Wolf Lecturer, 2006

包含词语«COINFECT»的新条目

找出国内和国际出版社所讨论的内容，以及词语coinfect在以下新条目的上下文中是如何使用的。

How to Win the War Against Infection, Inflammation, Disease and …

... tick-transmitted pathogens that coinfect the critters and wreak havoc in humans: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an intracellular bacterium, and ... «HealthCanal.com, 六月 15»