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在"英语"词典里parallel importing}的意思

词典
词典
section

英语中PARALLEL IMPORTING的发音

parallel importing play
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PARALLEL IMPORTING的语法类别

noun
形容词
动词
副词
代词
介词
连词
限定词
感叹词

PARALLEL IMPORTING在英语中的意思是什么?

点击查看«parallel importing»在英语词典里的原始定义
点击查看在中文词典里此定义的自动翻译

并行导入

Parallel import

平行进口是未经知识产权所有人许可的​​从其他国家进口的非假产品。 平行进口通常被称为灰色产品,涉及国际贸易和知识产权问题。 平行进口是基于知识产权用尽的概念:根据这一概念,当产品首次在特定管辖区市场上推出时,授权对所在州的所有居民进行平行进口。 有些国家允许这样做,有些国家则不允许 并行进口药品通过引进竞争降低药品价格; “贸易有关的知识产权协议”第6条规定,这一做法不能在WTO争端解决制度下受到质疑,所以实际上是国家裁量权的问题。 在软件,音乐,印刷文本和电子产品的情况下,通常会提倡平行进口的做法,其原因有以下几种:▪不同版本的产品在不同的市场上出售。 例如。 A parallel import is a non-counterfeit product imported from another country without the permission of the intellectual property owner. Parallel imports are often referred to as grey product, and are implicated in issues of international trade, and intellectual property. Parallel importing is based on concept of exhaustion of intellectual property rights: according to this concept, when the product is first launched on the market in a particular jurisdiction, parallel importation is authorized to all residents in the state in question. Some countries allow this, others do not. Parallel importing of pharmaceuticals reduces price of pharmaceuticals by introducing competition; TRIPS agreement in Article 6 states that this practice cannot be challenged under the WTO dispute settlement system and so is effectively a matter of national discretion. The practice of parallel importing is often advocated in the case of software, music, printed texts and electronic products, and occurs for several reasons: ▪ Different versions of a product are produced for sale in different markets. E.g.

在英语 词典里parallel importing的定义

字典中平行输入的定义是某些商品(特别是药品)的输入,这些经销商对当地制造商进行了低估。

The definition of parallel importing in the dictionary is the importing of certain goods, esp pharmaceutical drugs, by dealers who undersell local manufacturers.

点击查看«parallel importing»在英语词典里的原始定义
点击查看在中文词典里此定义的自动翻译

PARALLEL IMPORTING一样开头的英语单词

parallel
parallel bars
parallel of latitude
Parallel Olympics
parallel port
parallel processing
parallel resonance
parallel ruler
parallel turn
parallel-park
paralleleled
parallelels
parallelepiped
parallelepipeda
parallelepipedon
paralleling
parallelise
parallelism
parallelist
parallelistic

PARALLEL IMPORTING一样开头的英语单词

accounting
cold starting
comforting
darting
discomforting
disconcerting
diverting
go-karting
importing
karting
parting
reporting
self-supporting
shirting
skirting
snorting
sorting
sporting
Storting
supporting
unsporting

英语近义词词典里parallel importing的近义词和反义词

近义词

«parallel importing»的25种语言翻译

翻译者
online translator

PARALLEL IMPORTING的翻译

通过我们的英语多语言翻译器,找到parallel importing25种语言翻译
该章节所呈现的将parallel importing由 英语向其他语言的翻译是通过自动统计翻译获得的;在英语中基本的翻译单位是单词«parallel importing»。

翻译者英语 - 中文

平行进口
1,325 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 西班牙语

importación paralela
570 数百万发言者

英语

parallel importing
510 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 印地语

समानांतर आयात
380 数百万发言者
ar

翻译者英语 - 阿拉伯语

الاستيراد الموازي
280 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 俄语

параллельный импорт
278 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 葡萄牙语

importação paralela
270 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 孟加拉语

সমান্তরাল আমদানি
260 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 法语

l´importation parallèle
220 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 马来语

Pengimport selari
190 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 德语

Parallelimporte
180 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 日语

並行輸入
130 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 韩语

병행 수입
85 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 印尼爪哇语

Paralel ngimpor
85 数百万发言者
vi

翻译者英语 - 越南语

nhập khẩu song song
80 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 泰米尔语

இறக்குமதி இறக்குமதி
75 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 马拉地语

समांतर आयात
75 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 土耳其语

Paralel ithalat
70 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 意大利语

importazione parallela
65 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 波兰语

import równoległy
50 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 乌克兰语

паралельний імпорт
40 数百万发言者

翻译者英语 - 罗马尼亚语

importator paralel
30 数百万发言者
el

翻译者英语 - 希腊语

παράλληλες εισαγωγές
15 数百万发言者
af

翻译者英语 - 布尔语(南非荷兰语)

parallel invoer
14 数百万发言者
sv

翻译者英语 - 瑞典语

parallellimport
10 数百万发言者
no

翻译者英语 - 挪威语

parallell import
5 数百万发言者

parallel importing的使用趋势

趋势

词语 «PARALLEL IMPORTING»的使用趋势

0
100%
频率
极少使用
17
/100
此处所显示的地图给出了词语«parallel importing»在不同国家的使用频率。
parallel importing的主要搜索趋势和常见用法
用户为查找我们的英语在线词典以及单词«parallel importing»的最常用表达而进行的主要搜索的列表。

词语«PARALLEL IMPORTING» 随时间而变化的使用频率

该图表展现了单词«parallel importing»在过去500年中的用法频率的每年演化其实施是基于分析词语«parallel importing»从1500年到现在在 英语数字出版物中出现的频率。

parallel importing的英语文献、引用和新闻中的使用范例

示例

«PARALLEL IMPORTING»相关的英语书籍

在以下的参考文献中发现parallel importing的用法。与parallel importing相关的书籍以及同一来源的简短摘要提供其在 英语文献中的使用情境。
1
Traditions of Writing Research
Table 22.2 Student questions choosing the [apprize] option seeking to define and explain parallel importing Phase turn Questions 1 16 What's parallel importing? 1 96 How does it (= parallel importing) protect local industry? 1 103 Why does ...
CHARLES BAZERMAN, Robert Krut, KAREN LUNSFORD, 2010
2
Vertical Price Control and Parallel Imports: Theory and Evidence
We explore this simple logic of parallel trade in a two-country model, and show how in equilibrium the manufacturer balances the tradeoff between achieving efficient vertical pricing and preventing parallel importing. Without legal restriction on ...
Keith Eugene Maskus, Yongmin Chen, 2000
3
Parallel Trade in Europe: Intellectual Property, Competition ...
In the United Kingdom this results in the grant of a Product Licence (Parallel Importing) or PL(PI).119 However, not all Member States did so immediately. For instance, years later the Commission was still taking action against France120 and ...
Christopher Stothers, 2007
4
Promoting Competition in Global Markets: A Multi-national ...
The examples relating to parallel importing and producer boards have recently emerged in the context of globalizing markets and illustrate the benefits of viewing them within an integrated policy framework. The New Zealand Government is ...
Peter John Lloyd, Kerrin M. Vautier, 1999
5
Legal Aspects of HIV/AIDS: A Guide for Policy and Law Reform
Legal and Policy Considerations If drugs that the patent holder has placed on the market in market A are imported into market B without the consent of the patent holder, this is referred to as “parallel importing.” It is important to note that this ...
‎2007
6
Framing Piracy: Globalization and Film Distribution in ...
Parallel importers also take a pro-consumer stand with arguments of selection, price, efficiency, diversity, access, and better supply that parallel importing can provide. The new parallel import ban has no doubt caused much resistance from  ...
Shujen Wang, 2003
7
Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology and Chemical Inventions: World ...
India Bolar exemption 52.4.01 exhaustion ofrights 54.4.01, 54.4.02 experimental use 51.4.01, 51.04.02 non-infringement declarations 55401455408 parallel importing 54.4.01, 54.4.02 prior secret use 50401450406 Italy Bolarexemption ...
Duncan Bucknell, 2011
8
Australian Intellectual Property Law
It seems to make no difference to the legality of parallel importing that the Australian distributor is an exclusive licensee of the trade mark owner. However, in such circumstances, if the trade mark owner sold its goods to the importer with the ...
Mark J. Davison, Ann L. Monotti, Leanne Wiseman, 2011
9
South Asian Yearbook of Trade and Development: Harnessing ...
These extended timeframe is not applicable for the national treatment and most favoured nation obligations in TRIPS Articles 3 and 4.7 In the context of pharmaceuticals, parallel importing occurs where drugs that have been legitimately sold in ...
B. S. Chimni, Centre for Trade and Development New Delhi, 2009
10
The American Century?: In Retrospect and Prospect
maintain the ban on parallel importing. As a courtesy, he made a copy available to the New Zealand embassy. Ambassador McLean's report to Wellington was terse: "The U.S. Trade Representative emphasized that we should expect the ...
Roberto Giorgio Rabel, 2002

包含词语«PARALLEL IMPORTING»的新条目

找出国内和国际出版社所讨论的内容,以及词语parallel importing在以下新条目的上下文中是如何使用的。
1
Would TPP allow a ban on foreign home buyers? Groser speaks
TPP opponents, from Trade Me to InternetNZ to Douglas Pharmaceuticals, fear the TPP's impact in areas like parallel importing, copyright law ... «The National Business Review, 七月 15»
2
2 Cheap Cars moves vehicle finance business
The parallel importing of selected models of Japanese cars will provide savings of up to $10,000 on these vehicles for New Zealand buyers. «Scoop.co.nz, 七月 15»
3
Adelaide sports shop owners fight ASICS after supply is cut off …
"The Government is doing reviews like the Harper review and the Senate has been working on parallel importing laws, and if these sporting ... «ABC Online, 七月 15»
4
2 Cheap Cars shaking up motor industry with cheap parallel imports …
Parallel importing was not illegal but had not been done before with cars, he said. The scale of its used car buying operation in Japan allowed ... «The Dominion Post, 六月 15»
5
TPP in peril after Obama suffers fast-track authority setback
... of the TPP — who see it the negotiated-in-secret treaty as a danger to sovereignty, and a threat to everything from parallel importing to cheap ... «The National Business Review, 六月 15»
6
One week, three lessons for pharma
Russia approved an approach of "parallel importing" for medications. Stated simply, that means if a medication sells, say, for $100 a pill in the ... «Philly.com, 五月 15»
7
Merger creates biggest supplier of unlicensed drugs
Businesses may sell via the grey market through parallel importing – buying drugs in one country and selling them in another. 'This is not a very ... «Royal Society of Chemistry, 五月 15»
8
Why Global Mode challenge should fail
As we've seen with parallel importing, consumers benefit through more choice and better prices. It's the same online, with consumers using ... «New Zealand Herald, 五月 15»
9
Parallel importers of medicines can re-brand...for now - Speciality …
Whilst the 20mg was still in patent, Doncaster had had a good business in parallel importing it and over-stickering with the generic name only. «Lexology, 四月 15»
10
Let downloads roam free, says ACCC
Noting its prior calls for “all restrictions on parallel importing to be lifted”, the ACCC's submission concedes that as it stands, the proposed bill ... «The Register, 四月 15»

参考文献
« EDUCALINGO. Parallel importing [在线]. 可用 <https://educalingo.com/zh/dic-en/parallel-importing>. 五月 2024 ».
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