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Meaning of "cytokine" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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PRONUNCIATION OF CYTOKINE

cytokine  [ˈsaɪtəʊˌkaɪn] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF CYTOKINE

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Cytokine is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES CYTOKINE MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Cytokine

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling - they are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, and sometimes the releasing cell itself. Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, tumour necrosis factor but generally not hormones or growth factors. Cytokines are produced by broad range of cells, including immune cells like macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and various stromal cells; a given cytokine may be produced by more than one type of cell. They act through receptors, and are especially important in the immune system; cytokines modulate the balance between humoral and cell-based immune responses, and they regulate the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of particular cell populations. Some cytokines enhance or inhibit the action of other cytokines in complex ways. They are different from hormones, which are also important cell signaling molecules, in that hormones circulate in much lower concentrations and hormones tend to be made by specific kinds of cells.

Definition of cytokine in the English dictionary

The definition of cytokine in the dictionary is any of various proteins, secreted by cells, that carry signals to neighbouring cells. Cytokines include interferon.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH CYTOKINE


alkine
ˈælkaɪn
alkyne
ˈælkaɪn
chemokine
ˈkiːməʊˌkaɪn
define
dɪˈfaɪn
design
dɪˈzaɪn
divine
dɪˈvaɪn
fine
faɪn
hotline
ˈhɒtˌlaɪn
kine
kaɪn
Klein
klaɪn
kyne
kaɪn
Liechtenstein
ˈlɪktənˌstaɪn
ligne
laɪn
line
laɪn
lymphokine
ˈlɪmfəʊˌkaɪn
mine
maɪn
monokine
ˈmɒnəʊˈkaɪn
nine
naɪn
offline
ˈɒfˌlaɪn
online
ˈɒnˌlaɪn

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE CYTOKINE

cytode
cytodiagnosis
cytogenesis
cytogenetic
cytogenetical
cytogenetically
cytogeneticist
cytogenetics
cytogeny
cytoid
cytokinesis
cytokinetic
cytokinin
cytologic
cytological
cytologically
cytologist
cytology
cytolysin
cytolysis

WORDS THAT END LIKE CYTOKINE

cuisine
determine
eine
engine
Erskine
Fokine
genuine
imagine
machine
magazine
Maine
marine
medicine
nicotine
on line
refine
search engine
seine
shine
sunshine

Synonyms and antonyms of cytokine in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «cytokine» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF CYTOKINE

Find out the translation of cytokine to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of cytokine from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «cytokine» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

细胞因子
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

citoquina
570 millions of speakers

English

cytokine
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

साइटोकाइन
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

خلوى
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

цитокинов
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

citocina
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

cytokine
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

cytokine
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Sitokin
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Zytokin
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

サイトカイン
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

사이토 카인
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Sitokin
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

cytokine
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

சைடோகைன்
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

सायटोइकन
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

sitokin
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

citochine
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

cytokin
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

цитокінів
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

citokine
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

κυτοκίνη
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

cytokine
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

cytokin
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

cytokin
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of cytokine

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «CYTOKINE»

The term «cytokine» is quite widely used and occupies the 34.500 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Quite widely used
84
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «cytokine» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of cytokine
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «cytokine».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «CYTOKINE» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «cytokine» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «cytokine» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about cytokine

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «CYTOKINE»

Discover the use of cytokine in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to cytokine and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
The Cytokine Handbook
The fourth edition of The Cytokine Handbook provides an encyclopedic coverage of the molecules that induce and regulate immune responses.
Angus W. Thomson, Michael T. Lotze, 2003
2
The Cytokine Factsbook
Completely revised and expanded, this second edition of The Cytokine FactsBook is the most up-to-date reference manual available for all current well-characterized interleukins, cytokines, and their receptors.
Katherine A. Fitzgerald, 2001
3
Novel Cytokine Inhibitors
Furthermore, they are involved in the cascade of events leading to cardiovascular shock and are major regulators of the function of immune cells. This book reviews recent advances in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Gerry A. Higgs, G. A. Higgs, Brian Henderson (PhD.), 2000
4
Cytokine Inhibitors
Containing over 1400 references as well as tables and drawings, Cytokine Inhibitors serves as an exemplary reference for basic and clinical immunologists; allergists; biochemists; pathologists, hematologists; experimental, cell, and ...
Gennaro Ciliberto, 2000
5
Cytokine Therapies
This volume included extended versions of key presentations at the meeting.
Raymond P. Donnelly, 2010
6
Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Multifactorial Conditions
Unique to this book are the "disease-centered" chapters examining the role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in a multitude of multifactorial conditions.
Koen Vandenbroeck, 2006
7
Cytokine Protocols
A collection of biochemical, cellular, and molecular techniques for unraveling and quantifying the events occurring between the initial contact of a cytokine at the membrane receptor and the eventual activation of gene transcription.
Marc de Ley, 2004
8
Vaccine Design: The Role of Cytokine Networks
Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Cape Sounion, Greece, June 24-July 5, 1996
Gregory Gregoriadis, Brenda McCormack, Anthony C. Allison, 1997
9
Cytokine Knockouts
This book is a unique compendium of the latest information on cytokine knockouts.
Scott K. Durum, Kathrin Muegge, 1998
10
Cytokine Regulation of Humoral Immunity: Basic and Clinical ...
This work focuses on the impact of the cytokine network on the humoral immune response, as well as on its implications for the evolving field of cytokine-based medical therapeutics.
Clifford M. Snapper, 1996

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «CYTOKINE»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term cytokine is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Lymphoma: How the tumor escapes the immune response
First, a specific inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) is indirectly involved in the inactivation of NK cells. Second, the tumor cells develop protective ... «Medical Xpress, Jul 15»
2
ZIOPHARM Oncology Upgraded by Vetr Inc. to Strong-Buy (ZIOP)
This technology is being evaluated in Phase 2 clinical studies of the immune system cytokine interleukin-12 for the treatment of breast cancer ... «sleekmoney, Jul 15»
3
Alder Biopharmaceuticals Upgraded to Hold at Zacks (ALDR)
Clazakizumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, or IL-6, and is being developed for both ... «Dakota Financial News, Jul 15»
4
XOMA Corp Given Outperform Rating at Wedbush (XOMA)
... is a proprietary potent, fully humanized allosteric-modulating monoclonal antibody that binds to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta. «Dakota Financial News, Jul 15»
5
XOMA Corp Rating Reiterated by Wedbush (XOMA)
... is a proprietary potent, fully humanized allosteric-modulating monoclonal antibody that binds to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta. «WKRB News, Jul 15»
6
Stock Highlights: Chevron Corporation (NYSE:CVX), Google Inc …
... a CD122-biased cytokine designed to preferentially stimulate production of CD8-positive T cells, which are tumor killing cells found naturally ... «Stock Transcript, Jul 15»
7
Shifts in macrophage cytokine production drive muscle fibrosis
Muscle fibrosis after acute injury can be debilitating, but in chronic muscle disease it can be lethal. A new study reveals that shifts in ... «Nature.com, Jul 15»
8
Big data meets mechanism
... the notion of targeting a single cytokine in several phenotypically distinct diseases points to potentially shared mechanisms underlying these ... «Nature.com, Jul 15»
9
'Underappreciated' Lactococcus strain shows anti-inflammatory …
... a bad ulcerative colitis-like disease; the second one is a mouse that lacks the ability to make the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; and the last ... «NutraIngredients-usa.com, Jul 15»
10
Is Cytosorbents Corp (NASDAQ:CTSO) Stock a Sell after Kraus's …
The Company's product CytoSorb is approved in the European Union as an extracorporeal cytokine filter, designed to reduce the cytokine ... «OctaFinance.com, Jul 15»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Cytokine [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/cytokine>. May 2024 ».
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