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Meaning of "monokine" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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PRONUNCIATION OF MONOKINE

monokine  [ˈmɒnəʊˈkaɪn] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF MONOKINE

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Monokine is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES MONOKINE MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Monokine

A monokine is a type of cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages. Examples include interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Other monokines include alpha and beta interferon, and colony stimulating factors.

Definition of monokine in the English dictionary

The definition of monokine in the dictionary is a type of protein or cytokine that is developed from macrophagic or monocytic cells.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH MONOKINE


alkine
ˈælkaɪn
alkyne
ˈælkaɪn
chemokine
ˈkiːməʊˌkaɪn
cytokine
ˈsaɪtəʊˌkaɪn
define
dɪˈfaɪn
design
dɪˈzaɪn
divine
dɪˈvaɪn
fine
faɪn
hotline
ˈhɒtˌlaɪn
kine
kaɪn
Klein
klaɪn
kyne
kaɪn
Liechtenstein
ˈlɪktənˌstaɪn
ligne
laɪn
line
laɪn
lymphokine
ˈlɪmfəʊˌkaɪn
mine
maɪn
nine
naɪn
offline
ˈɒfˌlaɪn
online
ˈɒnˌlaɪn

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE MONOKINE

monogyny
monohull
monohybrid
monohydrate
monohydrated
monohydric
monohydrogen
monohydroxy
monoicous
monoicously
monokini
Monola
monolater
monolatrist
monolatrous
monolatry
monolayer
monoline insurer
monolingual
monolingualism

WORDS THAT END LIKE MONOKINE

cuisine
determine
eine
engine
Erskine
Fokine
genuine
imagine
machine
magazine
Maine
marine
medicine
nicotine
on line
refine
search engine
seine
shine
sunshine

Synonyms and antonyms of monokine in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «monokine» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF MONOKINE

Find out the translation of monokine to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of monokine from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «monokine» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

单核因子
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

monoquina
570 millions of speakers

English

monokine
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

monokine
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

monokine
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

монокин
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

monocina
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

monokine
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

monokine
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Monokin
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Monokin
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

モノカイン
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

monokine
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Monokine
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

monokine
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

monokine
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

मोनोकिन
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

monokin
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

monokine
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

monokiny
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

монокін
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

monokine
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

μονοκίνη
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

monokine
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

monokin
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

monokine
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of monokine

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «MONOKINE»

The term «monokine» is normally little used and occupies the 144.860 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
32
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «monokine» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of monokine
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «monokine».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «MONOKINE» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «monokine» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «monokine» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about monokine

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «MONOKINE»

Discover the use of monokine in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to monokine and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Neuroimmune Circuits, Drugs of Abuse, and Infectious Diseases
SUBSTANCE P RECEPTOR-MODULATED MONOKINE SECRETION Since NF- kB is an important transcription factor in the regulation of cytokine production, the demonstration that NF-kB is activated following interaction with substance P ...
Herman Friedman, Thomas W. Klein, John J. Madden, 2001
2
Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: ...
Production. 3.3.1 Catecholamine Modulation of Cytokine and Monokine Production Catecholamines regulate cytokine production and are intimately involved in determining the balance of TH lymphocyte subsets and in initiating and sustaining ...
Abel Lajtha, Armen Galoyan, Hugo Besedovsky, 2007
3
Avian Cellular Immunology
A chicken myelomonocytic growth factor produced by the macrophage cell line, HD11, has also been described.85 It is interesting that regulatory loops exist for monokine production and action. The neuroendocrine-immune loops that exist ...
Jagdev M. Sharma, 1990
4
Cell Biology and Immunology of Leukocyte Function
An enhancing factor (monokine) for the poke weed mitogen-induced direct plaque forming cell response of human B lymphocytes was discussed by A. Dimitriu and A.S.Fauci (N.I.H., Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.). Human mono— cytes, activated by ...
Efraim Racker, 1979
5
Interleukin Twelve
Interestingly, acute infection with Plasmodium sp. is characterized by a systemic increase in monokine (e.g. TNF- ot, IL-6 and IL-1) synthesis which resembles septic shock. Studies performed by two different groups suggest that lipid- containing ...
Luciano Adorini, 1997
6
Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors: Physiology and ...
The strongest arguments for this hyperproduction were obtained by the direct visualisation of monokine-producing cells in lymphoid organs of HIV-infected patients, either by in situ hybridization [5] or by RT-PCR [6]. During HIV infection, as in ...
Constantin A. Bona, Jean-Pierre Revillard, 2003
7
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: ...
J Leukoc Biol 64:384–392 18. Sgadari C et al (1996) Interferon-inducible protein- 10 identified as a mediator of tumor necrosis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 13791–13796 19. Sgadari C et al (1997) Mig, the monokine induced by ...
Vassil St. Georgiev, 2010
8
Infection and Inflammation: Impacts on Oncogenesis
69 Teruya-Feldstein J, Jaffe ES, Burd PR, Kanegane H, Kingma DW, Wilson WH, Longo DL, Tosato G: The role of Mig, the monokine induced by interferon-gamma , and IP-10, the interferon- gamma-inducible protein-10, in tissue necrosis and ...
Thomas Dittmar, Kurt S. Zaenker, Axel Schmidt, 2006
9
Mechanisms of Injury in Renal Disease and Toxicity
... an IL-1 -like monokine which both stimulates fibroblast proliferation and augments the arachidonate metabolic capacity.85 EFA-deficient animals with ureteral obstruction manifest an absence of macrophages, and therefore the monokine, ...
Robin Goldstein, 1994
10
Rheumatology
Transgenic overexpression of TNF-α produces synovitis in mice,39 as does the absence ofthenatural inhibitor of IL-1, IL-1 receptor antagonist.40 In RA,unlike these experimental transgenic systems, monokine production is unlikely to be ...
Marc C. Hochberg, Alan J. Silman, Josef S. Smolen, 2010

8 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «MONOKINE»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term monokine is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Analysis of the TGFβ-induced program in primary airway epithelial …
TNF is a prototypical monokine [16], [17], whose actions trigger activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, essential components of the noncanonical ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jul 15»
2
Cytokine responses and correlations thereof with clinical profiles in …
... secreted chemokines (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG), in both plasma and CSF, ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jun 15»
3
ViveBio, LLC Enters Worldwide Exclusive Licensing Agreement with …
They identified Monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) messenger RNA (mRNA) and MIG protein as the clinically significant biomarkers. «PR Newswire, Feb 15»
4
Inflammatory Marker Found in CTEPH Patient Lungs and Serum
This was reflected by serum samples, but in the case of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, only IP-10 and monokine induced by ... «Lung Disease News, Oct 14»
5
CTEPH Disease Progression Mechanisms Uncovered in New …
For this, the researchers assessed a broad range of inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, MCP-1, monokine induced by interferon-γ ... «Pulmonary Hypertension News, Oct 14»
6
Wellmune Supports Immune Health of Older Adults
... MIG (Monokine Induced by Gamma interferon/ CXCL9). These cytokines are chemical messengers that help the body respond to challenges. «Natural Products INSIDER, Jun 14»
7
TLR2 signaling subpathways regulate TLR9 signaling for the …
Biochemical characterization and protein kinase C dependency of monokine-inducing activities of Toxoplasma gondii. Infect Immun 1996; 64: ... «Nature.com, May 12»
8
Robbie Williams is right: Sex hormone really does work, say experts
... or were involved in immune response and pro-collagen. In contrast the monokine MIG, also involved in immune activity, was elevated. «Daily Mail, Jun 11»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Monokine [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/monokine>. May 2024 ».
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