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Meaning of "hapax legomena" in the English dictionary

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PRONUNCIATION OF HAPAX LEGOMENA

hapax legomena  [ləˈɡɒmɪnə] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF HAPAX LEGOMENA

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Hapax legomena is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES HAPAX LEGOMENA MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Hapax legomenon

A hapax legomenon is a word that occurs only once within a context, either in the written record of an entire language, in the works of an author, or in a single text. The term is sometimes incorrectly used to describe a word that occurs in just one of an author's works, even though it occurs more than once in that work. Hapax legomenon is a transliteration of Greek ἅπαξ λεγόμενον, meaning " said once". The related terms dis legomenon, tris legomenon, and tetrakis legomenon respectively refer to double, triple, or quadruple occurrences, but are far less commonly used. Hapax legomena are quite common, as predicted by Zipf's law, which states that the frequency of any word in a work is inversely related to its rank in the frequency table. For large corpora, about 40% to 60% of the words are hapax legomena, and another 10% to 15% are dis legomena. Thus, in the Brown Corpus of American English, about half of the 50,000 words are hapax legomena within that corpus.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH HAPAX LEGOMENA


agnomina
æɡˈnɒmɪnə
alumina
əˈluːmɪnə
antilegomena
ˌæntɪlɛˈɡɒmɪnə
cognomina
kɒɡˈnɒmɪnə
determiner
dɪˈtɜːmɪnə
epiphenomena
ˌɛpɪfɪˈnɒmɪnə
examiner
ɪɡˈzæmɪnə
lamina
ˈlæmɪnə
lumina
ˈluːmɪnə
Minna
ˈmɪnə
nomina
ˈnɒmɪnə
phenomena
fɪˈnɒmɪnə
phi-phenomenona
ˈfaɪfɪˌnɒmɪnə
praenomina
priːˈnɒmɪnə
prenomina
priːˈnɒmɪnə
prolegomena
ˌprəʊleˈɡɒmɪnə
rumina
ˈruːmɪnə
stamina
ˈstæmɪnə
superphenomena
ˈsuːpərfɪˌnɒmɪnə
terminer
ˈtɜːmɪnə

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE HAPAX LEGOMENA

hap
hapax
hapax legomenon
hapaxanthic
hapaxanthous
haphazard
haphazardly
haphazardness
haphazardry
Haphtarah
Haphtaroth
hapkido
hapless
haplessly
haplessness
haplite
haplitic
haplobiont
haplobiontic
haplographies

WORDS THAT END LIKE HAPAX LEGOMENA

arena
Athena
Ballymena
Helena
homologoumena
homologumena
Lena
Magdalena
Modena
Ndjamena
noumena
paraleipomena
paralipomena
Pasadena
plena
Saint Helena
sena
Siena
tetrahymena
theologoumena

Synonyms and antonyms of hapax legomena in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «hapax legomena» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF HAPAX LEGOMENA

Find out the translation of hapax legomena to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of hapax legomena from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «hapax legomena» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

hapax legomena
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

hapax hapax
570 millions of speakers

English

hapax legomena
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

hapax legomena
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

hapax legomena
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

Hapax legomena
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

hapax legomena
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

হাপ্যাক্স লেওডোমেনা
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

hapax
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Hapax legomena
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

hapax legomena
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

hapax legomenonの複数形
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

hapax 의 legomena
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Hapax legomena
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

hapax legomena
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

லெக்ஸஸ் லெமெமனா
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

हापैक्स लेगोोमिना
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

Hapax legomena
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

hapax legomena
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

hapax legomena
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

Hapax legomena
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

legomenon legomena
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

hapax legomena
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

hapax legomena
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

hapax legomena
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

hapax legomena
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of hapax legomena

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «HAPAX LEGOMENA»

The term «hapax legomena» is used very little and occupies the 175.007 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Rarely used
18
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «hapax legomena» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of hapax legomena
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «hapax legomena».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «HAPAX LEGOMENA» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «hapax legomena» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «hapax legomena» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about hapax legomena

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «HAPAX LEGOMENA»

Discover the use of hapax legomena in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to hapax legomena and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Biblical Criticism on Trial: How Scientific is "scientific ...
of the New Testament hapax legomena, of the hapax legomena of the group to which it belongs, and of words that occur only once in this writing — but that still also occur within or even outside its group of New Testament writings. The term ...
Eta Linnemann, 2001
2
The Authenticity of Ephesians (Een Onderzoek Naar de ...
For a long time the number of words in Eph. which do not occur in the rest of the N.T. or the CP, the so-called hapax legomena, counted as an objection against the authenticity of the epistle. But a close comparison of the frequencies of hapax  ...
A. Van Roon, 1974
3
The Iliad: A Commentary: Volume 5
Though of course we cannot be sure, many of the examples mentioned above may well have been as unique as so many Homeric similes.70 (iv) Hapax legomena A word which appears only once in Homer occurs on the average every 9.4 ...
Mark W. Edwards, G. S. Kirk, 1991
4
A Critical Companion to Beowulf
Such words, often termed hapax legomena (from the Greek; literally 'those [words ] which are said once'), were evidently an important part of the Beowulf-poeVs creative technique.65 A complete list of noun- and adjective compounds in ...
Andy Orchard, 2003
5
New Perspectives in Language, Discourse and Translation Studies
Hence, there is a choice between creativity and normalization, and adherence to one or the other may further influence the differences between the numbers of hapax legomena as found in source and target texts. Therefore, this case study ...
Mirosław Pawlak, Jakub Bielak, 2011
6
Homer's Winged Words: The Evolution of Early Greek Epic ...
So more indicative of the difficulties involved in Homeric lexicography is the calculation that 303 words in the Iliad and 191 words in the Odyssey—roughly one of every eighteen words in our Homeric lexicon—are absolute hapax legomena: ...
Steve Reece, 2009
7
Textual Patterns: Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language ...
Hapax legomena (BNC) CEREALE CEREALICOLTURA CEREALOGISTS CEREBAL KRACUN KRACKERS SITTE'S SITTEST CEREBELLUMS KRAEMERS KRADER'S KRADS SITTING'S SITTYTON SITUATIONIST'S CEREBRISM CEREBLIS ...
Mike Scott, Chris Tribble, 2006
8
Septuagint and Reception: Essays Prepared for the ...
THE TREATMENT OF HAPAX LEGOMENA IN MT EZEKIEL, IN THE LXX EZEKIEL AND PESHITTA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY Harry F. van Rooy North- West University, Potchefstroom 1. Introduction In the Masoretic Text of Ezekiel close to ...
Association for the Study of the Septuagint in South Africa. Conference, Johann Cook, 2009
9
The Gospel Hoax: Morton Smith's Invention of Secret Mark
10 In other words, as eight new hapax legomena are found in a new sample of Clement's writing, five old hapax legomena should be eliminated, and the total number of hapax legomena in Clement's entire corpus should grow with each new ...
Stephen C. Carlson, 2005
10
Encyclopaedia Judaica, Volume 9:
Since the interest in Middle Hebrew lexicography arose comparatively late, Middle Hebrew texts are frequently not well-established philologically and new texts are often discovered, the interest in hapax legomena in Hebrew is, for all practical ...
Fred Skolnik, Michael Berenbaum, 2007

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «HAPAX LEGOMENA»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term hapax legomena is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Thoughts on satire
(They glitter, too, with a demanding vocabulary: of the 4790 words in the Satires, 2130 are hapax legomena.) Who was Juvenal? We hardly ... «PJ Media, Jun 15»
2
QI: some quite interesting facts about cuneiform
Lots of hieroglyphs are currently averred to be hapax legomena. This may be because we haven't discovered enough text to find more uses, ... «Telegraph.co.uk, Mar 14»
3
Conceptual Works in 'Images of an Infinite Film,' at MoMA
Mr. Frampton's “Poetic Justice (Hapax Legomena II)” (1972) is here, and it ... In 1973, a year after completing his seven-part “Hapax Legomena” ... «New York Times, Jan 14»
4
Word of the Day / Agartal: The baffling origin of the word for vase
Of these, 1,480 are hapax legomena, words appearing only once in the text. Agartal is one of these. It appears in a list of objects stolen from the ... «Haaretz, Oct 13»
5
Who Are You, O Man? (Maybe the Author of Wisdom of Solomon?)
Here is a particularly concentrated string of Pauline hapax legomena: πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ, μεστοὺς ... «Patheos, Feb 13»
6
A HOLLIS FRAMPTON ODYSSEY
While the Hapax Legomena selection is unfortunately curtailed, the disc's sampling of films from Magellan is unexpectedly rich—although, ... «Brooklyn Rail, Dec 12»
7
West Reviews A Hollis Frampton Odyssey [Criterion Blu-ray Review]
A trio of films, each roughly half an hour long, from Frampton's Hapax Legomena series follow next, each one challenging conventional notions ... «CriterionCast.com, May 12»
8
DVD Review: A Hollis Frampton Odyssey (Criterion Collection)
The Criterion set also includes excerpts from his series of films Hapax Legomena and his epic unfinished Magellan Cycle. From the former ... «Blogcritics.org, Apr 12»
9
Hapax Legomena and Zipf's Law
But more than just curiosities, hapax legomena aren't strange statistical flukes. Not only are they more common than we might realize, but they ... «Wired News, Jan 12»
10
A not-so-secret guide to our lost language
Some words in the Oxford oubliette may be hapax legomena, the most endangered of all, found only once and never again. A false move with ... «Telegraph.co.uk, Aug 10»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Hapax legomena [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/hapax-legomena>. Apr 2024 ».
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