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Meaning of "hapten" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD HAPTEN

From German, from Greek haptein to fasten.
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Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.
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PRONUNCIATION OF HAPTEN

hapten  [ˈhæptən] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF HAPTEN

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Hapten is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES HAPTEN MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Hapten

A hapten is a small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself. Once the body has generated antibodies to a hapten-carrier adduct, the small-molecule hapten may also be able to bind to the antibody, but it will usually not initiate an immune response; usually only the hapten-carrier adduct can do this. Sometimes the small-molecule hapten can even block immune response to the hapten-carrier adduct by preventing the adduct from binding to the antibody, a process called hapten inhibition. The mechanisms of absence of immune response may vary and involve complex immunological mechanisms, but can include absent or insufficient co-stimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells. The concept of haptens emerged from the work of Karl Landsteiner who also pioneered the use of synthetic haptens to study immunochemical phenomena.

Definition of hapten in the English dictionary

The definition of hapten in the dictionary is an incomplete antigen that can stimulate antibody production only when it is chemically combined with a particular protein.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH HAPTEN


antilepton
ˌæntɪˈlɛptən
captan
ˈkæptən
Clapton
ˈklæptən
Compton
ˈkɒmptən
Crompton
ˈkrɒmptən
Hampton
ˈhæmptən
Northampton
nɔːˈθæmptən
Repton
ˈrɛptən
Rockhampton
rɒkˈhæmptən
Sahaptan
sɑːˈhæptən
Shahaptan
ʃəˈhæptən
Skipton
ˈskɪptən
Southampton
saʊθˈæmptən
Wolverhampton
ˌwʊlvəˈhæmptən

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE HAPTEN

happy hunting ground
Happy Jack
happy little vegemite
happy medium
happy release
happy slapping
happy-clappies
happy-clappy
happy-go-lucky
Hapsburg
haptene
haptenic
hapteron
haptic
haptoglobin
haptotropic
haptotropism
hapu
hapuka
hapuku

WORDS THAT END LIKE HAPTEN

beaten
bitten
eaten
eten
forgotten
Gestalten
gluten
gotten
kindergarten
kitten
laten
listen
often
paten
rewritten
seiten
Sint Maarten
ten
top ten
written

Synonyms and antonyms of hapten in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «hapten» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF HAPTEN

Find out the translation of hapten to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of hapten from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «hapten» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

半抗原
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

hapteno
570 millions of speakers

English

hapten
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

hapten
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

ناشبة
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

гаптен
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

hapteno
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

hapten
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

haptène
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Hapten
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Hapten
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

ハプテン
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

합텐
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Hapten
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

hapten
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

நோய் எதிர்ப்புத் திறனளிக்கும் புரதவகை
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

हॅपेन
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

hapten
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

aptene
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

hapten
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

гаптен
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

haptena
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

απτίνη
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

hapten
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

hapten
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

hapten
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of hapten

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «HAPTEN»

The term «hapten» is regularly used and occupies the 70.969 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Regularly used
67
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «hapten» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of hapten
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «hapten».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «HAPTEN» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «hapten» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «hapten» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about hapten

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «HAPTEN»

Discover the use of hapten in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to hapten and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Bioconjugate Techniques
The dendritic molecule is constructed from a divalent lysine compound to which two additional levels of lysine are attached. The final MAP compound consists of a symmetrical, octavalent primary amine surface to which hapten molecules may  ...
Greg T. Hermanson, 2013
2
Fundamental Immunology
However, the antibodies specific for hapten can be studied by equilibrium dialysis using pure hapten (without carrier) or by immunoprecipitation using hapten coupled to a different (and non–cross-reacting) carrier or by inhibition of ...
William E. Paul, 2012
3
Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology
HAPTENS Haptens are small organic molecules that are antigenic but not immunogenic. They are not immunogenic because they cannot activate helper T cells. The failure of hapten to activate helper T cells is due to their inability to bind to ...
Parija, 2009
4
Epidermal Langerhans Cells
This capacity of hapten-modified LC -containing epidermal cells to induce hapten - specific proliferative responses in immune T cells has been confirmed by several groups of investigators. i58-172-17' In keeping with this finding are the ...
Gerold Schuler, 1990
5
Drug Hypersensitivity
Penicillin G XMS SMX 1 2 Hapten 1 2 3 3 Processing OS HN HOHN R OS HN NO R OS HN S-N H R O N C H 3 O S O HN HN 2 CHM I ssalc CHM II ssalc llec T aNO Hapten (penicillin G) Binding to 1: soluble proteins or 2: membrane-bound ...
Werner J. Pichler, 2007
6
Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, Second Edition
THE HAPTEN-CARRIER CONCEPT Immunological reactions are very sensitive tests for the detection of molecular structure. Prior to the elucidation of the structure of antibodies, important details were discovered about the way they bind ...
Julius Kreier, 2001
7
Principles and Reactions of Protein Extraction, ...
Immunization KLH-hapten conjugate Antibody specific to KLH Antibody specific to hapten a Wells coated with KLH-hapten conjugate Immunoassays with anti- KLH-hapten antibodies b Immunoassays with anti-KLH-hapten antibodies c Wells ...
Hafiz Ahmed, Hafiz Ahmed PhD, 2004
8
The Elements of Immunology
T ce T-cell receptor Superantigen Class II MHC The term hapten (Greek: aptein— to grasp or fasten) was introduced by Ehrlich who considered the antigen (he was studying the diphtheria toxin then) to be a distinct molecular entity, containing ...
Fahim Halim Khan, 2009
9
Medical Biochemistry
Figure 8-6 diagrams the steps involved in this procedure. The principle is based on competition between the enzyme-labeled hapten and free hapten in the test serum for binding with a limited amount of a specific antibody. This assay requires ...
N. V. Bhagavan, 2002
10
Atlas of Immunology, Third Edition
polysaccharide is an example of a larger molecule that may act as a hapten in rabbits but as a complete antigen in humans. A carrier is an immunogenic macromolecular protein, such as ovalbumin, to which an incomplete antigen termed a ...
Julius M. Cruse, MD, PhD, Robert E. Lewis, 2010

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «HAPTEN»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term hapten is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Combined in vitro transcription and reverse transcription to amplify …
Next, dye- or hapten-conjugate primers are used to reverse transcribe the RNA to produce a dye-labeled cDNA library. Finally the RNA is hydrolyzed under ... «BioTechniques.com, Jun 15»
2
RXi (RXII) Q1 Loss Wider-Than-Expected, Pipeline in Focus
We note that Samcyprone was added to the company's pipeline in Dec 2014, following its agreement with Hapten Pharmaceuticals. «Zacks.com, May 15»
3
RXi Pharmaceuticals Reports Fourth Quarter and Year End 2014 …
Under the agreement, Hapten agreed to sell and assign to RXi certain patent rights and related assets and rights, including an IND and clinical ... «PR Newswire, Mar 15»
4
Scientist in the Spotlight: Vaccine Fights Nicotine Addiction
When the immune system sees it and mounts a response, it produces antibodies against those nicotine hapten “ornaments.” This sort of ... «Laboratory Equipment, Mar 15»
5
RXi closes exclusive global license agreement with Hapten
Under the terms of the license agreement, Hapten received a one-time upfront cash payment of $100,000 and 200,000 shares of RXi common ... «News-Medical.net, Feb 15»
6
Thanks for the Memories
... infection (or hapten) and react more vigorously to subsequent exposure: trained immunity. Lanier, however, prefers the term “innate memory.”. «Scientist, Feb 15»
7
Toward a Cocaine Vaccine
Perhaps the bacterial protein flagellin and a cocaine hapten called GNE could be the key, according to a study published last month ... «Scientist, Jan 15»
8
Update: After A Massive Sell-Off, The CEO Is Buying RXi …
... I discussed that the company had entered into an assignment and exclusive global license agreement with Hapten Pharmaceuticals, LLC to ... «Seeking Alpha, Jan 15»
9
Nicotine vaccine could vanish cigarette habits in a puff of smoke
Source: A Conjugate Vaccine Using Enantiopure Hapten Imparts Superior Nicotine-Binding Capacity, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ... «BioPharma-Reporter.com, Jan 15»
10
Public Release: 12-Jan-2015 TSRI scientists design nicotine …
The researchers analyzed blood from the three experimental groups and found that the left-handed hapten elicited a much more effective ... «EurekAlert, Jan 15»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Hapten [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/hapten>. Apr 2024 ».
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