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Meaning of "hapten" in the Polish dictionary

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PRONUNCIATION OF HAPTEN IN POLISH

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WHAT DOES HAPTEN MEAN IN POLISH?

Click to see the original definition of «hapten» in the Polish dictionary.
Click to see the automatic translation of the definition in English.

hapten

Hapten

Haptens - Low molecular weight substances that can cause an immune response only in combination with proteins, although they are then recognized by lymphocytes already without the presence of these proteins. For hapten immunization, therefore, a hapten conjugated protein carrier is needed. Ovalbumin, hemocyanin or bovine serum albumin as carrier protein and dinitrophenol or trinitrophenol as haptens are often used in experimental work. Immunization results in both hapten antibodies and the carrier, and only the hapten-carrier complex. In the development of the immune response to the hapten, the ratio of the number of hapten molecules to the number of carrier molecules is significant. If it is too large, it will produce an immune tolerance, but the ratio too low will not lead to a response to the hapten. Hapten responses can only occur if both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are recognizable. Previously it was thought that the hapten must be associated with the covalent carrier, but this is not always the rule. Hapteny - substancje o małej masie cząsteczkowej, które mogą wywoływać odpowiedź odpornościową jedynie w połączeniu z białkami, chociaż następnie są rozpoznawane przez limfocyty już bez obecności tych białek. Do immunizacji haptenem niezbędny jest zatem nośnik białkowy skoniugowany z haptenem. W pracach doświadczalnych często stosuje się owoalbuminę, hemocyjaninę lub albuminę surowicy bydlęcej jako białko nośnikowe oraz dinitrofenol lub trinitrofenol jako hapteny. W wyniku immunizacji powstają zarówno przeciwciała skierowane przeciwko haptenowi, jak i nośnikowi, jak i jedynie kompleksowi hapten-nośnik. W wywołaniu odpowiedzi odpornościowej na hapten istotny jest stosunek liczby cząsteczek haptenu do liczby cząsteczek nośnika. Jeśli jest on zbyt duży, dojdzie do wytworzenia tolerancji immunologicznej, natomiast stosunek zbyt niski nie doprowadzi do odpowiedzi na hapten. Do odpowiedzi na hapten może dojść jedynie w przypadku, gdy w organizmie obecne są zarówno limfocyty T, jak i limfocyty B mogące go rozpoznać. Wcześniej uważano, że hapten musi być związany z nośnikiem kowalencyjnie, ale nie zawsze jest to regułą.

Click to see the original definition of «hapten» in the Polish dictionary.
Click to see the automatic translation of the definition in English.

POLISH WORDS THAT RHYME WITH HAPTEN


acenaften
acenaften
antystenes z aten
antystenes z aten
asfalten
asfalten
austen
austen
beta karoten
beta karoten
biten
biten
buten
buten
drang nach osten
drang nach osten
dysten
dysten
eten
eten
gluten
gluten
hipersten
hipersten
izobuten
izobuten
karoten
karoten
kersten
kersten
keten
keten
marten
marten
mountbatten
mountbatten
naften
naften
nie tamten
nie tamten

POLISH WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE HAPTEN

hapkido
hapl
haplo
haplofaza
haplografia
haploid
haploidalnosc
haploidalny
haplologia
happener
happenerka
happening
happeningowy
happy end
happy hour
happy music
haptonastia
haptotaksja
haptotropizm
haptyczny

POLISH WORDS THAT END LIKE HAPTEN

aachen
aasen
abdomen
aberdeen
nie ten
ruten
sauerbraten
sten
stop look listen
straponten
tamten
ten
ten a ten
the upper ten
tiergarten
truten
tungsten
upper ten
wahlverwandtschaften
żomojten

Synonyms and antonyms of hapten in the Polish dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «hapten» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF HAPTEN

Find out the translation of hapten to 25 languages with our Polish multilingual translator.
The translations of hapten from Polish to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «hapten» in Polish.

Translator Polish - Chinese

半抗原
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Spanish

hapteno
570 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - English

hapten
510 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Hindi

hapten
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator Polish - Arabic

ناشبة
280 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Russian

гаптен
278 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Portuguese

hapteno
270 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Bengali

hapten
260 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - French

haptène
220 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Malay

hapten
190 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - German

Hapten
180 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Japanese

ハプテン
130 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Korean

합텐
85 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Javanese

hapten
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator Polish - Vietnamese

hapten
80 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Tamil

நோய் எதிர்ப்புத் திறனளிக்கும் புரதவகை
75 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Marathi

प्रथिन नसलेला एक पदार्थ
75 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Turkish

hapten
70 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Italian

hapten
65 millions of speakers

Polish

hapten
50 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Ukrainian

гаптен
40 millions of speakers

Translator Polish - Romanian

haptenă
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator Polish - Greek

απτενίου
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator Polish - Afrikaans

hapten
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator Polish - Swedish

hapten
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator Polish - Norwegian

haptenet
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of hapten

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «HAPTEN»

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100%
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «hapten» in the different countries.

Examples of use in the Polish literature, quotes and news about hapten

EXAMPLES

10 POLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «HAPTEN»

Discover the use of hapten in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to hapten and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in Polish literature.
1
Fundamental Immunology - Strona 539
Structure. CHAPTER. THE. NATURE. OF. ANTIGENIC. DETERMINANTS. RECOGNIZED. BY. ANTIBODIES. Haptens. In the antigen–antibody binding reaction, the antibodybinding site is often unable to accommodate the entire antigen.
William E. Paul, 2012
2
Bioconjugate Techniques - Strona 1017
255, 1406–1412. Adamczyk, M., Gebler, J.C., Mattingly, P.G., 1996. Characterization of protein–hapten conjugates. 2. Electrospray mass spectrometry of BSA–hapten conjugates. Bioconjug. Chem. 7, 475–481. Adams, C.A., Kar, S.R., Hopper, ...
Greg T. Hermanson, 2013
3
The Elements of Immunology - Strona 65
T ce T-cell receptor Superantigen Class II MHC The term hapten (Greek: aptein—to grasp or fasten) was introduced by Ehrlich who considered the antigen (he was studying the diphtheria toxin then) to be a distinct molecular entity, containing ...
Fahim Halim Khan, 2009
4
Epidermal Langerhans Cells - Strona 172
B. LANGERHANS CELLS AS ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS FOR HAPTENS Together with Dr. Silberberg's observation of a close apposition between LC and lymphocytes in CHS reactions,” our original finding that TNP-modified ...
Gerold Schuler, 1990
5
Chromatography of Mycotoxins: Techniques and Applications
6.2.3 Haptens Compounds of low molecular weight, less than 10 - 10 daltons, such as mycotoxins, cannot by themselves act as immunogens. Such low molecular weight compounds are termed haptens. However, anti-hapten antibodies can ...
V. Betina, 1993
6
Atlas of Immunology, Third Edition - Strona 171
polysaccharide is an example of a larger molecule that may act as a hapten in rabbits but as a complete antigen in humans. A carrier is an immunogenic macromolecular protein, such as ovalbumin, to which an incomplete antigen termed a ...
Julius M. Cruse, MD, PhD, ‎Robert E. Lewis, 2010
7
Medical Biochemistry - Strona 130
Homogeneous EIA procedures have been especially useful for rapid determination of low-molecular-weight substances (haptens). Thus, these procedures have found application in therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology. A commercial ...
N. V. Bhagavan, 2002
8
Principles and Reactions of Protein Extraction, ... - Strona 219
Antibody specific to KLH a Immunization KLH-hapten conjugate Wells coated with Immunoassays with anti-KLH-hapten antibodies b KLH-hapten conjugate Immunoassays with anti-KLH-hapten Wells coated with BSA-hapten conjugate ...
Hafiz Ahmed, ‎Hafiz Ahmed PhD, 2004
9
Reactions of Antibodies with Soluble Antigens: Methods in ...
The time required for the practical attainment of this state of equilibrium, the equilibration period, varies with such factors as temperature, the nature of the hapten, and the distribution of the hapten between the bound and free forms. A minimum ...
Curtis A. Williams, ‎Merrill W. Chase, 2014
10
Kuby Immunology - Strona 77
Some small molecules, called haptens, are antigenic but incapable by themselves of inducing a specific immune response. In other words, they lack immunogenicity. Haptens are valuable research and diagnostic tools The chemical coupling ...
Thomas J. Kindt, ‎Richard A. Goldsby, ‎Barbara A. Osborne, 2007

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «HAPTEN»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term hapten is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Aquaporin-9-expressing neutrophils are required for the …
Here we show the involvement of AQP9 in hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS), as a murine model of skin allergic contact dermatitis, using AQP9 ... «Nature.com, Oct 15»
2
Honderden vissen van verstikkingsdood gered tijdens uitdiepen …
Tijdens het uitdiepen van de vijver aan het kasteel van Groot-Bijgaarden werden niet alle vissen weggehaald. Enkele honderden diertjes hapten naar adem bij ... «Het Nieuwsblad, Oct 15»
3
Immunotherapy Principles May Apply in Vaccine to Combat …
Researchers have created a methamphetamine derivative called hapten, which is injected 3 to 5 times over a 3 month period to build antibodies that act to ... «AJMC.com Managed Markets Network, Sep 15»
4
Thuốc gì gây viêm gan?
Thực tế có trường hợp biến đổi trở thành hapten dễ gây viêm gan dị ứng. Hapten còn được gọi bán kháng nguyên, đây là một kháng nguyên không toàn năng ... «Báo Sức khỏe đời sống, May 15»
5
RXi Pharmaceuticals Announces Closing of the Exclusive Global …
Under the terms of the license agreement, Hapten received a one-time upfront cash payment of $100,000 and 200,000 shares of RXi common stock. Hapten will ... «PR Newswire, Feb 15»
6
Thanks for the Memories
... to remember an infection (or hapten) and react more vigorously to subsequent exposure: trained immunity. Lanier, however, prefers the term “innate memory.”. «Scientist, Feb 15»
7
Toward a Cocaine Vaccine
Perhaps the bacterial protein flagellin and a cocaine hapten called GNE could be the key, according to a study published last month (December 22) in Molecular ... «Scientist, Jan 15»
8
Nicotine vaccine could vanish cigarette habits in a puff of smoke
It consists of a large carrier protein, needed because nicotine particles alone are too small to trigger the immune system, conjugated to haptens – molecular ... «BioPharma-Reporter.com, Jan 15»
9
Public Release: 12-Jan-2015 TSRI scientists design nicotine …
To prompt this immune response, scientists have tried attaching nicotine derivatives called haptens to a larger carrier protein used in other approved vaccines. «EurekAlert, Jan 15»
10
Marlboro's RXi Pharmaceuticals blames social media for stock price …
The press release explained that RXi would license a skin-treatment compound from Manhattan-based Hapten Pharmaceuticals. In this acquisition deal, RXi ... «Worcester Telegram, Jan 15»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Hapten [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-pl/hapten>. May 2024 ».
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