Krill
Krill are small crustaceans of the order
Euphausiacea, and are found in all the world's oceans. The name
krill comes from the Norwegian word
krill, meaning "young fry of fish", which is also often attributed to other species of fish. Krill are considered an important trophic level connection – near the bottom of the food chain – because they feed on phytoplankton and to a lesser extent zooplankton, converting these into a form suitable for many larger animals for whom krill makes up the largest part of their diet. In the Southern Ocean, one species, the Antarctic krill,
Euphausia superba, makes up an estimated biomass of around 379,000,000 tonnes, more than that of humans. Of this, over half is eaten by whales, seals, penguins, squid and fish each year, and is replaced by growth and reproduction. Most krill species display large daily vertical migrations, thus providing food for predators near the surface at night and in deeper waters during the day. Krill is fished commercially in the Southern Ocean and in the waters around Japan. The total global harvest amounts to 150,000–200,000 tonnes annually, most of this from the Scotia Sea.