Riza
A
riza or
oklad, sometimes called a "revetment" in English, is a metal cover protecting an icon. It is usually made of gilt or silvered metal with repoussé work and is pierced to expose elements of the underlying painting. It is sometimes enameled, filigreed, or set with artificial, semi-precious or even precious stones and pearls. Although the practice of using
rizas originated in Byzantine art, the Russian term is often applied to Greek icons; in Greek the term is
επένδυση. Icons are described as
επάργυρες or
επίχρυσες: silver-covered and gold-covered, respectively. The purpose of a
riza is to honour and venerate an icon, and ultimately the figure depicted on it, such as Christ or a saint. Because candles and lampadas are burned in front of icons, and incense is used during services, icons can become darkened over time. The
riza helps protect the icon. A
riza is designed specifically for the icon it is to cover. It leaves open spaces where the face, hands, and feet of the icon's subject can be seen. The haloes on
rizas are often more elaborate than on the original icons.