Cybernetics
Cybernetics or cybernetics is a discipline that studies communication and control through living organisms, machines, organizations, and combinations. For example, in socio-technical systems, cybernetics involves the study of computer-controlled machines such as automata and robots. The term cybernetics originates from the Ancient Greek Quivernethes Κυβερνήτης (kybernetes, the gatekeeper, governor, or rudder). From the past to the present, the term has been increasingly used in the fields of adaptation, artificial intelligence, complexity, complexity theory, control system, decision support system, dynamical system, information theory, learning organization, mathematical system theory, operations research, simulation, It is used as a collective term for the subdivisions. 1956, Louis Couffignal proposed as a philosophical definition that cybernetics is defined as 'an art of guaranteeing the validity of an act'.