Liquid
where: ▪ = density of liquid ▪ = gravity ▪ = depth of point below the surface. Note that this formula assumes that the pressure on the water surface is zero, and the surface tension effect is negligible. The liquid volume usually increases when it is heated and reduced when cooled. Objects placed in liquids can undergo buoyancy phenomena. This is because the liquid attraction is moderate compared to solid and gas while its energy content is moderately high. The particles contained in the liquid are not arranged properly. The arrangement of the particles is less closely but still in contact. Therefore, it is found that more empty space exists between particles than when solid. Here, the particles are free to move, particles of particles can be bursting on each other but in certain areas. Particles have three types of movements: ▪ translation ▪ rotation ▪ Liquid vibration will turn into gas when it reaches its boiling point, and becomes solid when it reaches its melting point. The liquid will evaporate into a gas even below the boiling point.