mutation
Mutations (French, German, English: Mutation, ie, genetic mutations) in biological meanings refer to changes in the genes in the cells (usually referred to as the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid in the nucleus). It includes point mutations caused by individual base changes, or deletions, duplication and insertion of multiple bases. The reason for this can be that the replication of the genetic gene during cell division is erroneous or is affected by chemical substances, genotoxicity, radiation or viruses. Mutations usually result in abnormal or dead cell death, and even can cause cancer in higher organisms. At the same time, mutations are also seen as the "driving forces" of species evolution: undesirable mutations are eliminated by natural selection, and mutations that are beneficial to species are accumulated. Neutral mutations have no effect on the species and gradually accumulate, leading to intermittent balance. ...