APAKAH MAKSUD PIGOUVIAN TAX dalam CORSICA?
Cukai Pigovian
Cukai Pigovian adalah cukai yang digunakan untuk aktiviti pasaran yang menjana luaran negatif. Cukai ini bertujuan untuk membetulkan hasil pasaran yang tidak cekap, dan berbuat demikian dengan menetapkan sama dengan negatif luar negeri. Dengan adanya eksternaliti negatif, kos sosial aktiviti pasaran tidak dilindungi oleh kos peribadi aktiviti tersebut. Dalam kes sedemikian, hasil pasaran tidak cekap dan boleh menyebabkan penggunaan lebih banyak produk. Contoh yang sering disebut sebagai eksternal adalah pencemaran alam sekitar. Dengan adanya luaran yang positif, iaitu faedah awam daripada aktiviti pasaran, mereka yang menerima faedah tidak membayarnya dan pasaran mungkin tidak dapat membekalkan produk tersebut. Logik yang sama mencadangkan penciptaan subsidi Pigovian untuk membuat pengguna membayar faedah tambahan dan memacu lebih banyak pengeluaran. Satu contoh yang dipetik adalah subsidi untuk penyediaan vaksin selesema. Cukai Pigovian dinamai oleh ahli ekonomi Arthur Pigou yang juga mengembangkan konsep ekonomi luar negeri. William Baumol berperanan penting dalam membingkai kerja Pigou dalam ekonomi moden.
Definisi Pigouvian tax dalam kamus Corsica
Takrif cukai Pigouvian dalam kamus adalah cukai yang dikenakan untuk menentang eksternaliti negatif ekonomi, contohnya pengeluar pencemaran perindustrian untuk menggalakkan kawalan pencemaran.
CORSICA BUKU YANG BERKAIT DENGAN «PIGOUVIAN TAX»
Ketahui penggunaan
Pigouvian tax dalam pilihan bibliografi berikut. Buku yang berkait dengan
Pigouvian tax dan ekstrak ringkas dari yang sama untuk menyediakan konteks penggunaannya dalam kesusasteraan Corsica.
1
Environmental Economics and Management: Theory, Policy, and ...
product charge A fee added to the price of a pollutiongenerating product based
on its quantity or some attribute responsible for pollution. Pigouvian tax A unit
charge on a good whose production generates a negative externality such that
the ...
Scott Callan, Janet Thomas,
2012
2
Environmental and Natural Resources Economics: Theory, ...
For example, if each unit of a good or service produced by a firm generates $20
in marginal external cost, then a Pigouvian tax of $20 on each unit of the good
produced would internalize the marginal external cost, thereby resolving the
market ...
3
Welfare Measurement in Imperfect Markets: A Growth ...
The numbers in the table suggest that the market economy controlled by the
approximation of the Pigouvian tax is welfare superior to the uncontrolled market
economy. Since the stock of pollution increases over the simulation period, and ...
Thomas Aronsson, Karl-Gustaf Löfgren, Kenneth Backlund,
2004
4
Finances Publiques Et Performance Des Entreprises
Therefore, the behavior of the party that receives compensation for damage must
be controlled to avoid the "moral hazard." This is, however, not the case for the
Pigouvian tax system. The victims have every incentive to minimize the damage ...
International Institute of Public Finance. Congress, Manfred Neumann, Karl W. Roskamp,
1989
5
Ecological Economics, Second Edition: Principles and ...
When a firm is free to pollute, it has privilege, and those who suffer from the
pollution have no rights. A Pigouvian tax essentially creates a property right to the
environment for the state, using a liability rule. Firms can still pollute, but they
must ...
Herman E. Daly, Joshua Farley,
2011
6
Microeconomics: A Modern Approach
The Weakness of the Pigouvian Tax Solution. Although the Pigouvian tax so-
lution to the externality problem may seem ideal in theory, there is a major
practical problem in administering it. If the government is to set the externality tax
at its ...
7
Economics for Environmental Studies: A Strategic Guide to ...
To honour the originator of this idea the subsequent literature calls the special
kind of tax the Pigouvian tax.2 Here is how it is to be designed and what effect it
is supposed to have. The Pigouvian tax tries to do for marginal external cost what
...
Alfred Endres, Volker Radke,
2012
8
The Elgar Guide to
Tax Systems
Under standard profit-maximizing assumptions, the firm will set its marginal cost
of production equal to the market price and the marginal cost of pollution
reduction equal to the tax rate on pollution (the Pigouvian tax). Suppose now that
there is ...
E. Albi, Jorge Martinez-Vazquez,
2011
9
Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics
There were two questions: should one use the environmental tax revenue to
lower existing distortionary taxes and, second, does this call for a Pigouvian tax
that is larger than the traditional sum of marginal environmental damages?
Jeroen C. J. M. Van den Bergh,
2002
10
The Case for a Carbon
Tax: Getting Past Our Hang-ups to ...
Under a Pigouvian tax system, anything the polluter does to reduce overall
pollution saves money. A polluter could find a way of running low-NOx burners
more efficiently that costs more, but that improves the emissions rate and reduces
...
BARANGAN BERITA YANG TERMASUK TERMA «PIGOUVIAN TAX»
Ketahui apa yang diterbitkan oleh akhbar nasional dan antarabangsa dan cara istilah
Pigouvian tax digunakan dalam konteks perkara berita berikut.
Carbon tax or cap-and-trade: Which would work better?
Well, one problem right in front of our faces is that Congress can set it too low, rendering it ineffective in a “Pigouvian” sense (a Pigouvian tax is ... «Washington Post, Jun 15»
Jared Bernstein Is Wrong, HFT Is Not A Problem That Needs Curing …
If we can show that what is happening in financial markets is a negative externality then an FTT would indeed be a Pigouvian Tax. But we do ... «Forbes, Apr 15»
First thing we do, tax all the banks: why Obama's middle-class …
In other words, this is a “Pigouvian” tax, applied to an activity that the government wants to reduce. Common Pigouvian taxes include cigarette ... «The Guardian, Jan 15»
Carbon Pricing in 2014
I had always looked at it through the “Pigouvian Tax” lens (a pricing correction for a negative externality), which is certainly a good one, but it ... «Energy Collective, Jan 15»
Pollution as Theft: Accounting for Systemic Externalities
A pollution tax, aka Pigouvian tax, has actually b... by Scott Baker on Sunday, Jan 4, 2015 at 11:22:09 AM. A pollution tax is reasonable and ... «OpEdNews, Jan 15»
The Tragedy of Commons
This Pigouvian tax (i.e., a levy on activities that generate negative social costs) penalizes producers of greenhouse gases who do not pay the ... «Forbes India, Mei 14»
Why don't economists get climate change?
... be calculated through a Pigouvian tax. The tax is intended to deter such activity (as opposed to its traditional function of collecting revenue). «The Week Magazine, Mei 14»
Is A Banking Ban The Answer?
Cochrane gets this, and calls for a “Pigouvian tax” — i.e., the kind of tax economics textbooks tell us we should have on pollution — imposed on ... «New York Times, Apr 14»
The airport debate has forgotten free markets
Aviation does cause negative externalities, but these are already internalised through Air Passenger Duty, a quasi-Pigouvian tax with rates that ... «CITY A.M., Apr 14»
Breathing Space: Combating traffic congestion
... outcome, which can be arrived at through the imposition of a toll, the difference between these two marginal costs, called the Pigouvian tax. «Daily News & Analysis, Feb 14»