EXTERNALITY SÖZCÜĞÜ İNGILIZCE DİLİNDE NE ANLAMA GELİR?
dışsallık
Ekonomide, bir dışsallık, bu maliyeti veya fayda sağlamayı seçmeyen bir partiyi etkileyen maliyet veya faydadır. Örneğin, hava kirliliğine neden olan imalat faaliyetleri, toplumun tamamında sağlık ve temizlik maliyetleri getirirken evini ateşe vermeyi seçen birinin komşuları, kendi evlerine yayılan bir yangın riskini azaltabilir. Kirlilik gibi dış maliyetler mevcutsa, üretici, üreticinin tüm ilgili çevre maliyetlerini ödemesi gerekiyorsa, üretilecek olanın fazlasını üretmeyi tercih edebilir. Kamu güvenliği gibi dış yararlar varsa, üreticinin başkalarına dış faydalar için ödeme yapması durumunda olandan daha az malın üretilmesi mümkündür. Bu tabloların amacı doğrultusunda, topluma genel maliyet ve fayda, fayda kaynaklı parasal değerlerin ve ilgili tüm tarafların masraflarının toplamı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, önemli dışsallıklara sahip mal veya hizmetlerde düzenlenmemiş pazarlar, tam bir sosyal maliyet veya işlemlerinden fayda sağlamayan fiyat üretir; Bu nedenle bu pazarlar verimsizdir.
İngilizce sözlükte externality sözcüğünün tanımı
Sözlükteki dışsallığın ilk tanımı dışsallığın devleti ya da şartıdır. Dışavurumun diğer tanımı dışsal bir şeydir. Dışsallık, algılayan bir zihinden bağımsız olarak mevcut kalitedir.
İNGILIZCE DİLİNDEN «EXTERNALITY» SÖZCÜĞÜNÜ İÇEREN ALINTILAR
externality sözcüğünü içeren ünlü alıntılar ve cümleler.
The reality is gas prices should be much more expensive then they are because we're not incorporating the true damage to the environment and the hidden costs of mining oil and transporting it to the U.S. Whenever you have an unpriced externality, you have a bit of a market failure, to the degree that eternality remains unpriced.
«EXTERNALITY» İLE İLİŞKİLİ İNGILIZCE KİTAPLAR
externality sözcüğünün kullanımını aşağıdaki kaynakça seçkisinde keşfedin.
externality ile ilişkili kitaplar ve İngilizce edebiyattaki kullanımı ile ilgili bağlam sağlaması için küçük metinler.
1
Environmental Economics and Management : Theory, Policy and ...
Having established the basics of what externalities are conceptually, we now
develop a formal model of a negative environmental externality. We elect to
model a production externality, because this approach addresses the most
prevalent ...
Scott Callan, Janet Thomas,
2009
2
Principles of Economics
Pollution per- mits and corrective taxes on emissions, for instance, are designed
to internalize the externality of pollution. More and more, these are the policies of
choice for those interested in protecting the environment. Market forces, properly
...
2 EXTERNALITIES Although the nature of an externality as an effect inflicted by
one agent upon another may seem very clear at an intuitive level, once a
formalisation is attempted a number of issues arise that need to be resolved. Of
most ...
The implications of this type of externality for market failure are quite important.
For example, suppose that the marginal social cost curve was S. This would also
be the supply curve under conditions of perfect competition. Under these ...
5
Durkheim's Philosophy Lectures: Notes from the Lycée de Sens ...
External. Perception. The. Origin. of. the. Idea. of. Externality. It's through external
perception that the external world becomes known to us. But does this world
really exist? This is the question we'll address in the next few lectures. It can be ...
Later in this section, we illustrate this condition graphically. Meaning in Terms
Category Definition of Marginal Benefits and Costs 1 No negative or positive
MEC I 0 and MEB I 0; It follows that externality MSC I A/IPC and M53 I MP3 2
Negative ...
7
New Trends in Ecology Research
constitutes a widespread application of the opportunities for transferring an
externality. The transfer of externalities is automatic in some special cases, as
happens with a great deal of the atmospheric pollution generated in a city. If one
tries to ...
A. R. Burk, James C. Ascough,
2005
8
Environmental and Natural Resources Economics: Theory, ...
Pecuniary Externality An externality that occurs due to the normal process of
buyers and sellers entering or exiting the market. A pecuniary externality
operates through market prices. It has nothing to do with the inappropriate choice
of ...
Therefore, these people receive a benefit for which they do not pay (i.e., a
positive externality). 4. Some contemporary economists would argue that this
type of externality is not a "real" externality but merely a pecuniary externality.
Pecuniary ...
10
Applied Cost-benefit Analysis, Second Edition:
5.1.1 Definitions of externality Buchanan and Stubblebine (1962) provided a
battery of definitions of externality that are very useful for public policy purposes.
They define when an externality exists, and when there is, and there is not, ...
«EXTERNALITY» TERİMİNİ İÇEREN HABERLER
Ulusal ve uluslararası basında konuşulanları ve
externality teriminin aşağıdaki haberlerde hangi bağlamda kullanıldığını keşfedin.
Green Chemistry in Modern Mining and Rare Earth Beneficiation
This situation is an example of negative externality, where the cost of producing the rare earth metals is borne, to a large degree, by society at ... «InvestorIntel, Tem 15»
$15 Trillion Plan Would Have All of America on Renewable Energy …
“Fossil fuel costs 30 cents per kilowatt hour, when externality costs are included.” The plan's timeline has energy supplies switch to 80 percent ... «The Epoch Times, Tem 15»
Report by Brattle Economists Quantifies Significant Value of Nuclear …
... tons of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions annually, together valued at $8.4 billion using the National Academy of Science's externality estimates. «Digital Journal, Tem 15»
BAILOUT FICTION: Greece and the Groogle Syndicate option
Before he could settle himself and correct for the unanticipated externality, a smart-shirt/sock data dispatch registering a quickened pulse was ... «FT Alphaville, Tem 15»
Making healthy transport policies
It leads the world in pricing and restricting road use, to account for the negative "externality" imposed by those who take cars instead of the MRT ... «The Straits Times, Tem 15»
Are environmental taxes addressing our health concerns?
Pollution can be regarded as an externality and, hence, not only an explicit cost of producing goods and services, but as one that is also borne ... «Graphic Online, Tem 15»
Here's What It Will Take for Women's Sports to Grow in the US
But when other fans are relatively scarce, this network externality is quite weak. Only with time will that network get stronger. It seems easy for ... «TIME, Tem 15»
Osborne's chance to make sense of muddled UK climate taxes
Putting a price on an externality — making the polluter pay the cost of the harm created by the pollution produced — is often the most efficient ... «Financial Times, Tem 15»
ObamaCare and America's Death Spiral
... the popular belief that maladies are caused by an imperfect externality and therefore with the correct reconfiguration of the world (i.e. theirs), ... «American Thinker, Tem 15»
The Rinse-Wash-Repeat Approach for Getting Growth Results
These leaders are fully in control of their growth destinies, yet all too often are unable to deliver and either blame some externality or create a ... «Huffington Post, Tem 15»