PARALLEL IMPORTING SÖZCÜĞÜ İNGILIZCE DİLİNDE NE ANLAMA GELİR?
Paralel ithalat
Paralel bir ithalat, fikri mülkiyet sahibinin izni olmaksızın başka bir ülkeden ithal edilen sahte olmayan bir üründür. Paralel ithalatlara genellikle gri ürün adı verilir ve bunlar uluslararası ticaret ve fikri mülkiyet konularıyla ilgilidir. Paralel ithalat, fikri mülkiyet haklarının tüketilmesi konseptine dayanır: Bu kavrama göre, ürün belirli bir yargı alanında piyasaya sürüldüğünde, paralel ithalat söz konusu devletin tüm sakinlerine yetki verilmektedir. Bazı ülkeler buna izin verirken, bazıları buna izin vermez. Paralel ilaç ithalatı, rekabeti sunarak ilaç fiyatını düşürür; 6. Madde'deki TRIPS anlaşması, bu uygulamanın DTÖ uyuşmazlık çözüm sistemi kapsamında sorgulanamayacağını ve bunun da etkin bir şekilde ulusal takdir yetkisine girdiğini belirtmektedir. Paralel ithalat uygulaması, yazılım, müzik, basılı metinler ve elektronik ürünler söz konusu olduğunda sıklıkla savunulmaktadır ve çeşitli nedenlerle ortaya çıkmaktadır: ▪ Bir ürünün farklı sürümleri farklı pazarlarda satılmak üzere üretilmektedir. Örneğin.
İngilizce sözlükte parallel importing sözcüğünün tanımı
Sözlükte paralel ithalat tanımı, yerel üreticilerin elinde olmayan bayiler tarafından belirli eczacılık ilaçlarının ithal edilmesidir.
«PARALLEL IMPORTING» İLE İLİŞKİLİ İNGILIZCE KİTAPLAR
parallel importing sözcüğünün kullanımını aşağıdaki kaynakça seçkisinde keşfedin.
parallel importing ile ilişkili kitaplar ve İngilizce edebiyattaki kullanımı ile ilgili bağlam sağlaması için küçük metinler.
1
Traditions of Writing Research
Table 22.2 Student questions choosing the [apprize] option seeking to define and
explain parallel importing Phase turn Questions 1 16 What's parallel importing? 1
96 How does it (= parallel importing) protect local industry? 1 103 Why does ...
CHARLES BAZERMAN, Robert Krut, KAREN LUNSFORD,
2010
2
Vertical Price Control and
Parallel Imports: Theory and Evidence
We explore this simple logic of parallel trade in a two-country model, and show
how in equilibrium the manufacturer balances the tradeoff between achieving
efficient vertical pricing and preventing parallel importing. Without legal restriction
on ...
Keith Eugene Maskus, Yongmin Chen,
2000
3
Parallel Trade in Europe: Intellectual Property, Competition ...
In the United Kingdom this results in the grant of a Product Licence (Parallel
Importing) or PL(PI).119 However, not all Member States did so immediately. For
instance, years later the Commission was still taking action against France120
and ...
Christopher Stothers,
2007
4
Promoting Competition in Global Markets: A Multi-national ...
The examples relating to parallel importing and producer boards have recently
emerged in the context of globalizing markets and illustrate the benefits of
viewing them within an integrated policy framework. The New Zealand
Government is ...
Peter John Lloyd, Kerrin M. Vautier,
1999
5
Legal Aspects of HIV/AIDS: A Guide for Policy and Law Reform
Legal and Policy Considerations If drugs that the patent holder has placed on the
market in market A are imported into market B without the consent of the patent
holder, this is referred to as “parallel importing.” It is important to note that this ...
6
Framing Piracy: Globalization and Film Distribution in ...
Parallel importers also take a pro-consumer stand with arguments of selection,
price, efficiency, diversity, access, and better supply that parallel importing can
provide. The new parallel import ban has no doubt caused much resistance from
...
7
Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology and Chemical Inventions: World ...
India Bolar exemption 52.4.01 exhaustion ofrights 54.4.01, 54.4.02 experimental
use 51.4.01, 51.04.02 non-infringement declarations 55401455408 parallel
importing 54.4.01, 54.4.02 prior secret use 50401450406 Italy Bolarexemption ...
8
Australian Intellectual Property Law
It seems to make no difference to the legality of parallel importing that the
Australian distributor is an exclusive licensee of the trade mark owner. However,
in such circumstances, if the trade mark owner sold its goods to the importer with
the ...
Mark J. Davison, Ann L. Monotti, Leanne Wiseman,
2011
9
South Asian Yearbook of Trade and Development: Harnessing ...
These extended timeframe is not applicable for the national treatment and most
favoured nation obligations in TRIPS Articles 3 and 4.7 In the context of
pharmaceuticals, parallel importing occurs where drugs that have been
legitimately sold in ...
B. S. Chimni, Centre for Trade and Development New Delhi,
2009
10
The American Century?: In Retrospect and Prospect
maintain the ban on parallel importing. As a courtesy, he made a copy available
to the New Zealand embassy. Ambassador McLean's report to Wellington was
terse: "The U.S. Trade Representative emphasized that we should expect the ...
Roberto Giorgio Rabel,
2002
«PARALLEL IMPORTING» TERİMİNİ İÇEREN HABERLER
Ulusal ve uluslararası basında konuşulanları ve
parallel importing teriminin aşağıdaki haberlerde hangi bağlamda kullanıldığını keşfedin.
Would TPP allow a ban on foreign home buyers? Groser speaks
TPP opponents, from Trade Me to InternetNZ to Douglas Pharmaceuticals, fear the TPP's impact in areas like parallel importing, copyright law ... «The National Business Review, Tem 15»
2 Cheap Cars moves vehicle finance business
The parallel importing of selected models of Japanese cars will provide savings of up to $10,000 on these vehicles for New Zealand buyers. «Scoop.co.nz, Tem 15»
Adelaide sports shop owners fight ASICS after supply is cut off …
"The Government is doing reviews like the Harper review and the Senate has been working on parallel importing laws, and if these sporting ... «ABC Online, Tem 15»
2 Cheap Cars shaking up motor industry with cheap parallel imports …
Parallel importing was not illegal but had not been done before with cars, he said. The scale of its used car buying operation in Japan allowed ... «The Dominion Post, Haz 15»
TPP in peril after Obama suffers fast-track authority setback
... of the TPP — who see it the negotiated-in-secret treaty as a danger to sovereignty, and a threat to everything from parallel importing to cheap ... «The National Business Review, Haz 15»
One week, three lessons for pharma
Russia approved an approach of "parallel importing" for medications. Stated simply, that means if a medication sells, say, for $100 a pill in the ... «Philly.com, May 15»
Merger creates biggest supplier of unlicensed drugs
Businesses may sell via the grey market through parallel importing – buying drugs in one country and selling them in another. 'This is not a very ... «Royal Society of Chemistry, May 15»
Why Global Mode challenge should fail
As we've seen with parallel importing, consumers benefit through more choice and better prices. It's the same online, with consumers using ... «New Zealand Herald, May 15»
Parallel importers of medicines can re-brand...for now - Speciality …
Whilst the 20mg was still in patent, Doncaster had had a good business in parallel importing it and over-stickering with the generic name only. «Lexology, Nis 15»
Let downloads roam free, says ACCC
Noting its prior calls for “all restrictions on parallel importing to be lifted”, the ACCC's submission concedes that as it stands, the proposed bill ... «The Register, Nis 15»