ЕТИМОЛОГІЯ СЛОВА PRESUMPTION
Via Old French from Latin praesumptiō a using in advance, anticipation, from praesūmere to take beforehand.
ЩО PRESUMPTION ОЗНАЧАЄ У АНГЛІЙСЬКА?
Презумпція
У законі доказів презумпція конкретного факту може бути зроблена без допомоги доказів у деяких ситуаціях. Типи презумпції включають спростовувану дискреційну презумпцію, спростовувану обов'язкову презумпцію та незаперечну або остаточну презумпцію. Застосування презумпції змінює тягар доказів від однієї сторони до протилежної сторони в судовому процесі. Припущення іноді поділяються на два типи: презумпції без основних фактів та припущення з основними фактами. У Сполучених Штатах обов'язкові припущення не допускаються у кримінальних справах, але дозволяються допустимі припущення. У давньоєврейському кодексі Талмуду входили міркування від припущень, пропозицій, прийнятих до істинності, якщо не було підстав вважати інакше, наприклад, "Один зазвичай не сплачує борг достроково". Таке ж поняття було знайдено і в давньоримському праві, де, наприклад, якщо виникає сумнів щодо того, чи дійсно дитина була проблемою того, хто залишив гроші у волі, презумпція була на користь дитини. Середньовічні римські та канонічні права оцінювали припущення за силою: легкі, середні або вірогідні, а також насильницькі.
Визначення presumption у англійська словнику
Перше визначення презумпції в словнику є акт припущення. Інше визначення презумпції є сміливим або нахабним поведінкою або манерами. Презумпція також є переконанням або припущенням, що базується на обґрунтованих доказах.
АНГЛІЙСЬКА ЦИТАТИ ІЗ «PRESUMPTION»
Відомі цитати та речення зі словом
presumption.
Presumption should never make us neglect that which appears easy to us, nor despair make us lose courage at the sight of difficulties.
There's a presumption that somehow you calculate beforehand whether something is going to be good politically or not. I simply don't.
Somehow, the greater the public opposition to the health care bill, the more determined they seem to force it on us anyway. Their attitude shows Washington at its very worst - the presumption that they know best, and they're going to get their way whether the American people like it or not.
The Court made an exception, however, in the case of candidates contributing to their own campaigns because of the rather reasonable presumption that a candidate is incapable of corrupting himself.
We are not actually in charge of life, yet behave as if we are the masters of our own destiny. The realization of this fact is quite a hard one. The ridiculousness of our pomposity and presumption can only result in anger or humor.
The only thing that might have annoyed some mathematicians was the presumption of assuming that maybe the axiom of choice could fail, and that we should look into contrary assumptions.
Call it vanity, call it arrogant presumption, call it what you wish, but I would grope for the nearest open grave if I had no newspaper to work for, no need to search for and sometimes find the winged word that just fits, no keen wonder over what each unfolding day may bring.
Your primary presumption that The Bridge was proffered as an epic has no substantial foundation. You know quite well that I doubt that our present stage of cultural development is so ordered yet as to provide the means or method for such an organic manifestation as that.
The perverse presumption that places the burden of proof on the challenger of spending must be inverted, back to the rule that applies elsewhere in life: 'Prove to me why we should.'
An important and fundamental premise of the American judicial system is the presumption of innocence, that is until proven guilty.
10 АНГЛІЙСЬКА КНИЖКИ ПОВ'ЯЗАНІ ІЗ «PRESUMPTION»
Дізнайтеся про вживання
presumption з наступної бібліографічної підбірки. Книжки пов'язані зі словом
presumption та короткі уривки з них для забезпечення контексту його використання в англійська літературі.
1
Presumption: An Entertainment: A Sequel to Pride and Prejudice
Masterfully adapted to Austen's original nineteenth-century style, Presumption brings back to life the book's most memorable characters, the Bennets, Darcys, Collins, and de Bourghs.
2
The
Presumption of Guilt: The Arrest of Henry Louis Gates, ...
Charles Ogletree, one of the country's foremost experts on civil rights, uses this incident as a lens through which to explore issues of race, class, and crime, with the goal of creating a more just legal system for all.
3
Restoring the Lost Constitution: The
Presumption of Liberty
This updated edition features an afterword with further reflections on individual popular sovereignty, originalist interpretation, judicial engagement, and the gravitational force that original meaning has exerted on the Supreme Court in ...
4
On the Boundless
Presumption of Conceited Humankind
In the end, Olec does not die alone. He understands that kind of thinking to be a part of the boundless presumption of conceited humankind.
5
Presumption and the Practices of Tentative Cognition
In Presumption and the Practices of Tentative Cognition, which was originally published in 2006, Nicholas Rescher endeavors to show that the process of presumption plays a role of virtually indispensable utility in matters of rational ...
In this stunning novel, premonitions or gut feelings-the inherent knowing without rational basis-play a starring role.
7
Presumption of death: twelfth report of session 2010-12, ...
Such an act should be modelled on the legislation in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Presumption of death orders, however, can only solve some of the problems families face.
Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Justice Committee,
2012
Book 4 in the Sun Coast Chronicles, Beth Wright, a newspaper reporter in St. Claire, faces the horror and shame of her own past -- as well as threats to her own life -- as she investigates abuses in a children's home.
9
The
Presumption of Innocence: Evidential and Human Rights ...
Innovations in Evidence and Proof: Integrating Theory, Research and Teaching Edited by Paul Roberts and Mike Redmayne --
10
Presumption of Innocence
This work is an attempt to secure consensus, and to present some constructive solutions to the various theoretical and practical problems which exist in respect of the presumption of innocence.
Pamela-Jane Schwikkard,
1999
НОВИНИ ІЗ ТЕРМІНОМ «PRESUMPTION»
Дізнайтеся, що обговорювала національна та міжнародна преса, і як термін
presumption вживається в контексті наступних новин.
Dog law, pit bulls, and “breed-specific presumptions”: When must a …
And the court concluded that, without the breed-specific presumption, this particular incident did not sufficiently show Tinkerbell's ... «Washington Post, Липень 15»
Drawing the line on speculation-based assessments
While ideally, a presumption cannot be a substitute for ultimate facts, it does offer recourse for when the facts-based rules on determining tax ... «Philippine Star, Липень 15»
George Washington University applicants no longer need to take …
Millions of high school students each year take one exam or the other — often both, and sometimes repeatedly — on the presumption that ... «Washington Post, Липень 15»
Why can't Oireachtas get inquiries right?
In his absence, Mr Drumm - his presumption of innocence intact - is facing being charged with criminal offences and refuses to travel home and ... «Irish Independent, Липень 15»
Another ex-Utah attorney general pleads not guilty to corruption
"Swallow has a presumption of innocence, and we're just moving along in the process and looking forward to our day in court," Gill said. «WTVB, Липень 15»
Mixed reaction to draft adoption legislation
It provides for a presumption that adoptees' birth certificates - which identify the birth-mother - can be issued unless a birth parent can provide ... «RTE.ie, Липень 15»
Salvador's Draconian Abortion Laws: a Miscarriage of Justice
The legal system has an built-in "presumption of guilt," making it virtually impossible for women to prove their innocence. Instead, these women ... «OpEdNews, Липень 15»
For Being A Republican, I Helped Create Donald Trump?
In other words, for most Americans the party label borne by candidates may create a rebuttable presumption about where they stand on public ... «Daily Caller, Липень 15»
Rogers commissioners want AG to remove indicted official
... Benjamin Lepak wrote that, as a defendant, Helm is "entitled to due process and a presumption of innocence. As an elected official, however, ... «Claremore Daily Progress, Липень 15»
What We Can Learn From the Bobbi Kristina Brown Tragedy
Why do we speak with such presumption and confidence? Our intentions are undoubtedly good and sound like the very essence of empathy ... «TIME, Липень 15»