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membrane that protects the embryo inside it. The cleidoic egg has a semi-
permeable shell that holds a complex of membranes, fluid, and enough food to
allow the embryo to develop fully in a safe environment before it hatches. The
shell of the ...
2
Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment
... Semiaquatic Cleidoic egg" Amphibians, larval Ammonia Aquatic Aquatic
Amphibians, adult Urea Semiaquatic Aquatic Mammals Urea Terrestrial Aquatic
Turtles Urea and uric acid Terrestrial Cleidoic egg Insects Uric acid Terrestrial
Cleidoic ...
Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, 1997
3
The Amphibians and Reptiles of Alberta: A Field Guide and ...
One of the most crucial developments in reptilian phylogeny was the evolution of
the cleidoic egg (Fig. 2.6). Cleidoic eggs, for example chicken eggs, have
controlled exchanges with the environment, allowing for the diffusion of
respiratory ...
Anthony Patrick Russell, Aaron M. Bauer, 2000
4
Evolutionary Perspectives on Pregnancy
Indeed, the initial evolution of the cleidoic egg, several hundred million years ago
, played a key role in enabling vertebrates to colonize the terrestrial world.
Interestingly, mammals still retain the four extraembryonic membranes, but most
extant ...
5
Vertebrate Palaeontology
5.2.1 The cleidoic egg—a private pond Modern amniotes are set apart from the
basal tetrapods primarily by the fact that they lay eggs that have semipermeable
shells and that contain sufficient fluid and food for the embryo to develop fully into
...
6
Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion
Needham and Needham12 postulated that for Scy Ilium (=Scyliorhinus) canicula
to have evolved an enclosure approaching that of the cleidoic egg the
elasmobranchs evolved a tolerance to severe uremia, enclosed the egg, but then
later ...
Patrick J. Walsh, Patricia A. Wright, 1995
7
The Colonisation of Land: Origins and Adaptations of ...
It has been called a cleidoic egg because it consists essentially of a closed box
which allows development within it regardless of external conditions. As first
defined by Needham (1963), a cleidoic egg allows only gaseous exchange with
the ...
8
Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour
Other suggestions include the necessity of chicks to break into the air space in
the egg a few days before hatching or that the water-conserving, shelled (cleidoic
) egg, if retained in a uterine environment, would create too great a barrier for the
...
Reptiles are variable, but most reproduce oviparously, by internal fertilization and
a cleidoic egg that is passed from the body of the female. (A cleidoic egg is one
covered with protective membranes and a leathery or calcareous shell.) ...
Norman K. Wessels, Elizabeth M. Center, 1992
10
Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in ...
Amounts and activity of maternal proteins responsible for the delivery of vitamins
must satisfy the needs of the embryo in a cleidoic egg. The regulation of the
amounts of these proteins is normally controlled by oestrogen but sometimes can
be ...
D. Charles Deeming, Mark W. J. Ferguson, 1991
